Chapter 8: Categories and Concepts

Question 1

NATURAL CATEGORIES is hypothesised by

Answer 1

Rosch et al. (1976)

Question 2

Natural categories are organised into three
nested levels

Answer 2

Superordinate
Basic
Subordinate

Question 3

Prototype models is by ______

Answer 3

POSNER & KEELE (1968)

Question 4

Models of semantic memory have been proposed based on ______
(semantic memory tasks)

Answer 4

1. Hierarchical network (Collins & Qullian, 1969)
2. Feature comparison(Smith, Shoben & Rips, 1974)
3. Spreading activation (Collins & Loftus, 1975)

Question 5

what are the effects suggested by Bower for hierarchical organisation

Answer 5

Category size effect: sentences containing pairs from smaller categories are verified faster than those from larger categories (bird vs animals)
Violation of category effect: (animal vs primates)
Based on expert knowledge or familiarity
Relatedness effects: pairs that are highly unrelated semantically are verified faster
Typicality effects: more typical members are verified faster (robin vs chicken for birds)

Question 6

two models for similarity-based approaches to categorisation

Answer 6

Prototype and exemplar models