Chapter 8 Cardio NCLEX review questions Flashcards
- The blood is pumped out of the left ventricle contains:
a full supply of oxygen
- The heart contracts in the following patterns
both atria, then both ventricles
- The interior lining of the heart valves and the large vessels of the heart are together called the:
endocardium
- Valve flaps prevent the backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the:
right ventricle
- The normal period in the heart cycle during which the muscle fibers lengthen, the heart dilates and the cavities fill with blood, roughly the period of relaxation is called:
diastole
- The right atrium receives blood from the:
superior and inferior venae cavae and coronary sinus
- When a patient is receiving heparin therapy the nurse should
observe emesis, urine and stools for blood
- A 72 year old patient is admitted to the medical floor with a diagnosis of HF. In HF an increase in abdominal girth increase in total body weight and pitting edema are indications of:
fluid retention
- A 10 year old patient is diagnosed with rheumatic fever. Of all the manifestations seen in rheumatic fever the one that can lead to permanent complications is:
carditis
- A 67 year old patient has a diagnosis of HTN. She is being dismissed from the hospital. Her teaching should include:
education on continuing to take antihypertensive medications as prescribed
- An 86 year old patient is reinforcing D5 1/2 NS per IV at 85 mL/hr on the electronic infusion pump. It is vitally important that the IV lines of older adult patients be monitored carefully because:
they may get a fluid overload of the circulatory system
- A 34 year old patient with a history of IV drug use is diagnosed with acute infective endocarditis. Nursing interventions for this patient include:
restricted activity for several weeks
- A 62 year old patient has a history of angina pectoris. To decrease the pain from angina pectoris the patient should:
take nitroglycerin sublingually prophylactically before strenuous exercise.
- A patient has peripheral arterial disorder(PAD) of the lower extremities. Patient teaching for PAD includes:
the importance of avoiding exposure to cold and chilling
- A 75 year old patient is diagnosed wit heart failure. The nursing diagnosis of activity intolerance related to dyspnea and fatigue would be appropriate. Choose the appropriate nursing intervention in keeping with this diagnosis:
Plan frequent rest peroid
- A patient recovering from an MI is being prepared for discharge and should be instructed to:
being a cardiac rehab program
- Dependent edema of the extremities enlargement of the liver, oliguria, JVD, and abd distention are s/s of:
right-sided heart failure
- The primary function of patient teaching after a MI is:
assisting the patient in developing a healthy lifestyle
- An important nursing intervention when caring for a patient with remote telemetry is to:
never remove telemetry and allow patient to shower unless physician has written an order to allow it.
- Signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock include:
decreasing blood pressure and weak rapid pulse
- Modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease(CAD) includes?
decreasing blood pressure and weak rapid pulse
- The name of the neurohormone released from the left ventricle in response to volume expansion and pressure overload that has emerged as the blood marker for the identification of individuals with HF is:
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
- The normal range for the above blood marker is:
0 to 100 pg/mL
- ___________ is a myocardial muscle protein released into circulation are myocardial injury and is useful in diagnosing a myocardial infarction (MI)
Troponin I
- In the US the two beta blocker medications specifically approved for HF are carvedilol (Coreg) and:
long acting metoprolol (Toprol X-L)
- The most useful noninvasive diagnostic tool for evaluating the patient with heart failure is:
echocardiogram
- Electrocardiogram findings during an MI:
are less likely to show ST-segment elevation in women than in men
28.The nursing diagnosis of decreased cardiac output related to loss of myocardial contractility, would be appropriate for the patient who has had an acute MI. The correct nursing interventions for this nursing diagnoses would include:
Asses for and report decreased blood pressure and dysrhythmias
- HF is usually treated with:
Cardiotonic drugs (digitalis
Diuretic agents
Ace inhibitors, beta-adrenergic blockers (carvedilol) nitrates
- An invasive procedure in which a catheter from a femoral or brachial artery is placed in the coronary artery and a balloon is inflated against the narrowing wall thus reducing the arterial constriction is called:
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
- Thrombolytic agents such as streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activators such as alteplase and activase are agents used to dissolve blood clots. these agents are most effective in a patient with acute MI signs and symptoms:
in the first 30 min to 1 hour
- A 74 year old patient with HF is admitted to the hospital because of a weight gain of 12 pounds in the past 2 weeks. After effective results from IV furosemide (Lasix), the patient has lost 8 pounds. This would reflect a los of how much fluid?
3.6 or 4 L
- A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of possible aortic abdominal aneurysm. In assessment for possible complications it I most important to monitor:
blood pressure
- A 63 year old patient has Buerger’s disease. The most important aspect of patient compliance to decrease signs and symptoms of Buerger’s disease is:
cessation of tobacco use
- An 83 year old patient is diagnosed with venous stasis ulcers. The medical management includes the use of an Unna’s paste boot An Unna’s boot:
hardens into a “boot” that may be left on for 1 to 2 weeks.
is a moist impregnated gauze wrapped around the patient’s foot and leg
protects the ulcer and provides constant and even support to the area
- A 58 year old patient is admitted with Raynauld’s disease. The correct patient teaching information includes:
avoid cold
practice stress-reduction techniques
comply with smoking
- A patient is admitted with HF and chronic arterial fibrillation. What medication is his physician likely to order to prevent thrombus formation?
an anticoagulant
