Chapter 8 Cardio NCLEX review questions

Question 1

1. The blood is pumped out of the left ventricle contains:

Answer 1

a full supply of oxygen

Question 2

2. The heart contracts in the following patterns

Answer 2

both atria, then both ventricles

Question 3

3. The interior lining of the heart valves and the large vessels of the heart are together called the:

Answer 3

endocardium

Question 4

4. Valve flaps prevent the backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the:

Answer 4

right ventricle

Question 5

5. The normal period in the heart cycle during which the muscle fibers lengthen, the heart dilates and the cavities fill with blood, roughly the period of relaxation is called:

Answer 5

diastole

Question 6

6. The right atrium receives blood from the:

Answer 6

superior and inferior venae cavae and coronary sinus

Question 7

7. When a patient is receiving heparin therapy the nurse should

Answer 7

observe emesis, urine and stools for blood

Question 8

8. A 72 year old patient is admitted to the medical floor with a diagnosis of HF. In HF an increase in abdominal girth increase in total body weight and pitting edema are indications of:

Answer 8

fluid retention

Question 9

9. A 10 year old patient is diagnosed with rheumatic fever. Of all the manifestations seen in rheumatic fever the one that can lead to permanent complications is:

Answer 9

carditis

Question 10

10. A 67 year old patient has a diagnosis of HTN. She is being dismissed from the hospital. Her teaching should include:

Answer 10

education on continuing to take antihypertensive medications as prescribed

Question 11

11. An 86 year old patient is reinforcing D5 1/2 NS per IV at 85 mL/hr on the electronic infusion pump. It is vitally important that the IV lines of older adult patients be monitored carefully because:

Answer 11

they may get a fluid overload of the circulatory system

Question 12

12. A 34 year old patient with a history of IV drug use is diagnosed with acute infective endocarditis. Nursing interventions for this patient include:

Answer 12

restricted activity for several weeks

Question 13

13. A 62 year old patient has a history of angina pectoris. To decrease the pain from angina pectoris the patient should:

Answer 13

take nitroglycerin sublingually prophylactically before strenuous exercise.

Question 14

14. A patient has peripheral arterial disorder(PAD) of the lower extremities. Patient teaching for PAD includes:

Answer 14

the importance of avoiding exposure to cold and chilling

Question 15

15. A 75 year old patient is diagnosed wit heart failure. The nursing diagnosis of activity intolerance related to dyspnea and fatigue would be appropriate. Choose the appropriate nursing intervention in keeping with this diagnosis:

Answer 15

Plan frequent rest peroid

Question 16

16. A patient recovering from an MI is being prepared for discharge and should be instructed to:

Answer 16

being a cardiac rehab program

Question 17

17. Dependent edema of the extremities enlargement of the liver, oliguria, JVD, and abd distention are s/s of:

Answer 17

right-sided heart failure

Question 18

18. The primary function of patient teaching after a MI is:

Answer 18

assisting the patient in developing a healthy lifestyle

Question 19

19. An important nursing intervention when caring for a patient with remote telemetry is to:

Answer 19

never remove telemetry and allow patient to shower unless physician has written an order to allow it.

Question 20

20. Signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock include:

Answer 20

decreasing blood pressure and weak rapid pulse

Question 21

21. Modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease(CAD) includes?

Answer 21

decreasing blood pressure and weak rapid pulse

Question 22

22. The name of the neurohormone released from the left ventricle in response to volume expansion and pressure overload that has emerged as the blood marker for the identification of individuals with HF is:

Answer 22

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)

Question 23

23. The normal range for the above blood marker is:

Answer 23

0 to 100 pg/mL

Question 24

24. ___________ is a myocardial muscle protein released into circulation are myocardial injury and is useful in diagnosing a myocardial infarction (MI)

Answer 24

Troponin I

Question 25

25. In the US the two beta blocker medications specifically approved for HF are carvedilol (Coreg) and:

Answer 25

long acting metoprolol (Toprol X-L)

Question 26

26. The most useful noninvasive diagnostic tool for evaluating the patient with heart failure is:

Answer 26

echocardiogram

Question 27

27. Electrocardiogram findings during an MI:

Answer 27

are less likely to show ST-segment elevation in women than in men

Question 28

28.The nursing diagnosis of decreased cardiac output related to loss of myocardial contractility, would be appropriate for the patient who has had an acute MI. The correct nursing interventions for this nursing diagnoses would include:

Answer 28

Asses for and report decreased blood pressure and dysrhythmias

Question 29

29. HF is usually treated with:

Answer 29

Cardiotonic drugs (digitalis
Diuretic agents
Ace inhibitors, beta-adrenergic blockers (carvedilol) nitrates

Question 30

30. An invasive procedure in which a catheter from a femoral or brachial artery is placed in the coronary artery and a balloon is inflated against the narrowing wall thus reducing the arterial constriction is called:

Answer 30

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

Question 31

31. Thrombolytic agents such as streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activators such as alteplase and activase are agents used to dissolve blood clots. these agents are most effective in a patient with acute MI signs and symptoms:

Answer 31

in the first 30 min to 1 hour

Question 32

32. A 74 year old patient with HF is admitted to the hospital because of a weight gain of 12 pounds in the past 2 weeks. After effective results from IV furosemide (Lasix), the patient has lost 8 pounds. This would reflect a los of how much fluid?

Answer 32

3.6 or 4 L

Question 33

33. A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of possible aortic abdominal aneurysm. In assessment for possible complications it I most important to monitor:

Answer 33

blood pressure

Question 34

34. A 63 year old patient has Buerger’s disease. The most important aspect of patient compliance to decrease signs and symptoms of Buerger’s disease is:

Answer 34

cessation of tobacco use

Question 35

35. An 83 year old patient is diagnosed with venous stasis ulcers. The medical management includes the use of an Unna’s paste boot An Unna’s boot:

Answer 35

hardens into a “boot” that may be left on for 1 to 2 weeks.

is a moist impregnated gauze wrapped around the patient’s foot and leg

protects the ulcer and provides constant and even support to the area

Question 36

36. A 58 year old patient is admitted with Raynauld’s disease. The correct patient teaching information includes:

Answer 36

avoid cold

practice stress-reduction techniques

comply with smoking

Question 37

37. A patient is admitted with HF and chronic arterial fibrillation. What medication is his physician likely to order to prevent thrombus formation?

Answer 37

an anticoagulant