Chapter 5 GI disorders

Question 1

Achalasia

Answer 1

abnormal condition characterized by the inability of a muscle , particularly the cardiac sphincter of the stomach to relax.

Question 2

anastomosis

Answer 2

Surgical joining of two ducts or blood vessels to allow flow from one to the other

Question 3

cachexia

Answer 3

general ill health and malnutrition marked by weakness and emaciation usually associated with a serious disease such as cancer

Question 4

carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Answer 4

oncofetal glycoprotein antigen found in colonic adenocarcinoma and other cancers also found in nonmalignant conditions.

Question 5

dehiscence

Answer 5

partial or complete separation of a surgical incision or rupture of a wound closure.

Question 6

dumping syndrome

Answer 6

a rapid gastric emptying causing distention of the duodenum or jejunum produced by a bolus of hypertonic foods

Question 7

dysphagia

Answer 7

difficulty swallowing

Question 8

evisceration

Answer 8

protrusion of an internal organ through a disrupted wound or surgical incision

Question 9

exacerbations

Answer 9

an increase in the seriousness of a disease or disorder marked by grater intensity in the signs or symptoms of the patient being treated

Question 10

hematemesis

Answer 10

vomiting blood

Question 11

intussusception

Answer 11

infolding of one segment of the intestine into the lumen of another segment occurs in children

Question 12

leukoplakia

Answer 12

a white patch in the mouth or on the tongue

Question 13

melena

Answer 13

abnormal black tarry stool containing digested blood

Question 14

occult blood

Answer 14

blood that is hidden or obscured from view

Question 15

paralytic (adynamic) ileus

Answer 15

most common type of intestinal obstruction a decrease in or absence of intestinal peristalsis and bowel sounds that may occur after abd surgery

Question 16

pathognomonic

Answer 16

sign or symptom specific to a disease condition

Question 17

remissions

Answer 17

A decrease in the severity of a disease or any of its symptoms

Question 18

steatorrhea

Answer 18

Excessive fat in the feces

Question 19

stoma

Answer 19

combining form meaning a mouth or opening

Question 20

tenesmus

Answer 20

persistent ineffectual spasms of the rectum or bladder accompanied by the desire to empty the bowel or bladder

Question 21

volvulus

Answer 21

twisting of the bowel on itself causing intestinal obstruction

Question 22

nasogastric

Answer 22

A tube inserted through the nose and extending into the stomach. It may be used for emptying the stomach of gas and liquids or for administering liquids to the patient.

Question 23

gastrostomy

Answer 23

A tube placed directly into the stomach for long-term enteral feeding or gastric decompression. This may be done laparoscopically, surgically, or by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube technique.

Question 24

jujunostomy

Answer 24

A tube placed directly into the jejunum for long-term enteral feeding. This may be done laparoscopically, with a percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube, or surgically. It is not as commonly used as the gastrostomy tube.

Question 25

peg

Answer 25

PEG A feeding ostomy. PEG tubes are inserted transorally into the stomach with the aid of an endoscope and then pulled through a stab wound made in the abdominal wall.

Question 26

lavage

Answer 26

Washing out of a cavity.

Question 27

gastric lavage

Answer 27

Rinsing or irrigating the stomach to remove or dilute irritants or poisons or to cleanse the stomach before or after surgery. Gastric lavage, colloquially called stomach pumping , is used most often to manage patients who have ingested potentially toxic medications, street drugs, hydrocarbons, or other noncorrosive poisons.

Question 28

H. Pylori

Answer 28

H. pylori. A motile, spiral, gram-negative bacterium that causes 90% of peptic ulcers, 80% of gastric ulcers, and, in some patients, gastric cancer or mucosal-associated lymphoid-type lymphomas

Question 29

esophageal cancer

Answer 29

An adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Question 30

sigmoidoscopy

Answer 30

Use of a sigmoidoscope to inspect the sigmoid colon. A tubular speculum for examination of the sigmoid colon and the rectum

Question 31

colonoscopy

Answer 31

Visualization of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The procedure usually consists of the insertion of a flexible endoscope through the anus to inspect the entire colon and terminal ileum.

Question 32

upper GI series (UGI) rational

Answer 32

consists of a series of radiographs of the lower esophagus stomach and duodenum using barium sulfate as the contrast medium

Question 33

upper GI series (UGI) nursing interventions

Answer 33

pt is NPO and avoid smoking after midnight the night before the study. after the procedure the pt should know stools could be white or hours light colored for up to 72 hour

Question 34

tube gastric analysis rational

Answer 34

the stomach contents are aspirated to determine the amount of acid produced by the parietal cells in the stomach

Question 35

EGD, UGI endoscopy gastroscopy rationale

Answer 35

endoscopy enables direct visualization of the upper GI tract by means of long fiberoptic flexible scope. The esophagus, stomach, and duodenum are examined for tumors, varices, mucosa inflammation hiatal hernia polyps ulcers h. pylori strictures and obstructions

Question 36

EGD, UGI endoscopy gastroscopy nursing intervention

Answer 36

NPO from midnight the day before. due to the throat being anesthetized the pt must have their gag reflex back. Check by using a tongue depressor. takes usually about hours after test. assess s/s perforation abd pain guarding oral bleeding melena hypovolemic shock-

Question 37

capsule endoscopy rationale

Answer 37

pt swallows the capsule it has a camera and takes about 57000 during the 8 hour examination.

Question 38

candidiasis

Answer 38

infection caused by a species of candida usually c albicans. candida is fungal organism normally present in the mucous membranes of the mouth, intestinal tract and vagina. also referred as thrush and moniliasis

Question 39

Candidiasis treatment

Answer 39

Nystatin or amphotericin B (an oral suspension) or buccal tablets or fluconazole (diflucan) half strength hydrogen peroxide and saline mouth rinses.