Chapter 5 GI disorders Flashcards
Achalasia
abnormal condition characterized by the inability of a muscle , particularly the cardiac sphincter of the stomach to relax.
anastomosis
Surgical joining of two ducts or blood vessels to allow flow from one to the other
cachexia
general ill health and malnutrition marked by weakness and emaciation usually associated with a serious disease such as cancer
carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
oncofetal glycoprotein antigen found in colonic adenocarcinoma and other cancers also found in nonmalignant conditions.
dehiscence
partial or complete separation of a surgical incision or rupture of a wound closure.
dumping syndrome
a rapid gastric emptying causing distention of the duodenum or jejunum produced by a bolus of hypertonic foods
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
evisceration
protrusion of an internal organ through a disrupted wound or surgical incision
exacerbations
an increase in the seriousness of a disease or disorder marked by grater intensity in the signs or symptoms of the patient being treated
hematemesis
vomiting blood
intussusception
infolding of one segment of the intestine into the lumen of another segment occurs in children
leukoplakia
a white patch in the mouth or on the tongue
melena
abnormal black tarry stool containing digested blood
occult blood
blood that is hidden or obscured from view
paralytic (adynamic) ileus
most common type of intestinal obstruction a decrease in or absence of intestinal peristalsis and bowel sounds that may occur after abd surgery
pathognomonic
sign or symptom specific to a disease condition
remissions
A decrease in the severity of a disease or any of its symptoms
steatorrhea
Excessive fat in the feces
stoma
combining form meaning a mouth or opening
tenesmus
persistent ineffectual spasms of the rectum or bladder accompanied by the desire to empty the bowel or bladder
volvulus
twisting of the bowel on itself causing intestinal obstruction
nasogastric
A tube inserted through the nose and extending into the stomach. It may be used for emptying the stomach of gas and liquids or for administering liquids to the patient.
gastrostomy
A tube placed directly into the stomach for long-term enteral feeding or gastric decompression. This may be done laparoscopically, surgically, or by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube technique.
jujunostomy
A tube placed directly into the jejunum for long-term enteral feeding. This may be done laparoscopically, with a percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube, or surgically. It is not as commonly used as the gastrostomy tube.
peg
PEG A feeding ostomy. PEG tubes are inserted transorally into the stomach with the aid of an endoscope and then pulled through a stab wound made in the abdominal wall.
lavage
Washing out of a cavity.
gastric lavage
Rinsing or irrigating the stomach to remove or dilute irritants or poisons or to cleanse the stomach before or after surgery. Gastric lavage, colloquially called stomach pumping , is used most often to manage patients who have ingested potentially toxic medications, street drugs, hydrocarbons, or other noncorrosive poisons.
H. Pylori
H. pylori. A motile, spiral, gram-negative bacterium that causes 90% of peptic ulcers, 80% of gastric ulcers, and, in some patients, gastric cancer or mucosal-associated lymphoid-type lymphomas
esophageal cancer
An adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
sigmoidoscopy
Use of a sigmoidoscope to inspect the sigmoid colon. A tubular speculum for examination of the sigmoid colon and the rectum
colonoscopy
Visualization of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The procedure usually consists of the insertion of a flexible endoscope through the anus to inspect the entire colon and terminal ileum.
upper GI series (UGI) rational
consists of a series of radiographs of the lower esophagus stomach and duodenum using barium sulfate as the contrast medium
upper GI series (UGI) nursing interventions
pt is NPO and avoid smoking after midnight the night before the study. after the procedure the pt should know stools could be white or hours light colored for up to 72 hour
tube gastric analysis rational
the stomach contents are aspirated to determine the amount of acid produced by the parietal cells in the stomach
EGD, UGI endoscopy gastroscopy rationale
endoscopy enables direct visualization of the upper GI tract by means of long fiberoptic flexible scope. The esophagus, stomach, and duodenum are examined for tumors, varices, mucosa inflammation hiatal hernia polyps ulcers h. pylori strictures and obstructions
EGD, UGI endoscopy gastroscopy nursing intervention
NPO from midnight the day before. due to the throat being anesthetized the pt must have their gag reflex back. Check by using a tongue depressor. takes usually about hours after test. assess s/s perforation abd pain guarding oral bleeding melena hypovolemic shock-
capsule endoscopy rationale
pt swallows the capsule it has a camera and takes about 57000 during the 8 hour examination.
candidiasis
infection caused by a species of candida usually c albicans. candida is fungal organism normally present in the mucous membranes of the mouth, intestinal tract and vagina. also referred as thrush and moniliasis
Candidiasis treatment
Nystatin or amphotericin B (an oral suspension) or buccal tablets or fluconazole (diflucan) half strength hydrogen peroxide and saline mouth rinses.
