Chap 8 Key Terms

Question 1

aneurysm

Answer 1

a localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel, usually caused by atherosclerosis, HTN and les commonly by a congenital weakness in a vessel wall

Question 2

angina pectoris

Answer 2

Paroxysmal thoracic pain and choking feeling caused by decreased oxygen (anoxia) of the myocardium

Question 3

arteriosclerosis

Answer 3

Common arterial disorder characterized by thickening loss of elasticity and calcification of arterial walls resulting in a decreased blood supply

Question 4

atherosclerosis

Answer 4

Puncture of a joint with a needle to withdraw fluid performed to obtain synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes

Question 5

bradycardia

Answer 5

slow rhythm characterized by a pulse rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute

Question 6

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)

Answer 6

a neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to ventricular expansion

Question 7

cardioversion

Answer 7

restoration of the heart’s normal sinus rhythm by delivery of a synchronized electric shock through two metal paddles placed on the patient’s chest

Question 8

coronary artery disease (CAD)

Answer 8

variety of conditions that obstruct blood flow in the coronary arteries.

Question 9

defibrillation

Answer 9

The termination of ventricular fibrillation by delivering a direct electrical countershock to the precordium.

Question 10

dysrhythmia

Answer 10

any disturbances or abnormality in a rhythmic pattern specifically irregularity in the normal rhythm of the heart also called arrhythmia

Question 11

embolus

Answer 11

a foreign object quantity of air or gas bit of tissue or tumor or a piece of thrombus that circulates in the bloodstream until it becomes lodged in a vessel

Question 12

endarterectomy

Answer 12

Surgical removal of the eyeball

Question 13

heart failure

Answer 13

Inability of the heart to circulate blood effectively enough to meet the body’s metabolic needs. Heart failure may affect the left ventricle, right ventricle, or both. It may result from impaired ejection of blood from the heart during systole or from impaired relaxation of the heart during diastole.

Question 14

hypoxemia

Answer 14

An abnormal deficiency of oxygen in the arterial blood

Question 15

intermittent claudication

Answer 15

a weakness of the legs accompanied by cramp like pains in the calves caused by poor arterial circulation of the blood to the leg muscles

Question 16

ischemia

Answer 16

decreased blood supply to a body organ or part often marked but pain and organ dysfunction

Question 17

Myocardial infarction (MI)

Answer 17

An occlusion of a major coronary artery or one of its branches it is caused by atherosclerosis or an embolus resulting in necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle

Question 18

occlusion

Answer 18

an obstruction or closing off in a canal vessel or passage of the body

Question 19

orthopnea

Answer 19

an abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or comfortably

Question 20

peripheral

Answer 20

pertaining to the outside, surface or surrounding area of an organ other structure or fluid of vision

Question 21

pleural effusion

Answer 21

an abnormal accumulation of fluid such as saline or albumin

Question 22

polycythemia

Answer 22

abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood

Question 23

pulmonary edema

Answer 23

accumulation of extravascular fluid in ling tissue and alveoli caused most commonly by left sided heart failure

Question 24

tachycardia

Answer 24

an abnormal condition in which the myocardium contracts regularly but a at a rate greater than 100 beats per minute