Chapter 8: Birds Flashcards
The feathers of birds are called.
Plumage.
Birds are the class?
Aves.
Scientist who study birds.
Ornithologists.
Characteristics of birds.
Bipedal, warm blooded, vertebrates, feathers, scaly legs, wings.
Term pertaining to birds.
Avian.
Instead of solid bones what do birds have.
Hollow bones strengthened by internal cross bracing like a steel girder.
The largest flying bird.
Andean condor.
Instead of teeth and jawbones what do birds have.
Toothless bills made of keratin, reinforced by lightweight bony struts.
Large ridge on the sternum.
Keel.
Clavicles of a bird that are fused together forming the ?
Furcula
Short upper arm bone of a bird.
Humerus.
Lower, longer arm bones of a bird.
Ulna and radius.
Retractable group of feathers.
Alula.
The ? Of a flying birds are engineered to meet the power demands of flight.
Muscles.
The most important flight muscles.
Pectorals.
The larger two of the four pectoral muscles that pulls the wing down to produce the power stroke.
Pectoralis major.
Pulls the wing up like a rope and pulley
Pectoralis minor.
By using these muscles instead of back muscles.
The birds weight is concentrated low in their chest for stability in flight.
Birds do not have a diaphragm but instead.
Air is pumped through the lungs as chest muscles expand and contract the thoracic cavity.
A bird inhales and exhales twice to move each breath of air
Ffdfh
True or false: a birds four chambered heart circulates blood in a pattern similar to mammals and humans.
True.
True or false: store a lot of liquid and solid waste in their bodies.
False.
A storage sac in the esophagus if a bird.
Crop.
Special section in the stomach of a bird that grinds the food.
Gizzard.
Tiny tubes that allow air to flow through the lungs.
Air capillaries.
Birds have the best ?
Eyesight.
Type of vision in which each eye sees a very different portion of the world around them.
Monocular vision.
Eyes that are positioned forward gives
Binocular vision.
Strong feathers found on the birds body, wings, and tail that also point toward the tail to aid in streamlining.
Contour.
Narrow supports for the flight feathers.
Wings.
Special contour feathers that provide the necessary wing shape.
Flight feathers
Feathers that extend from the birds hand to the tip of the wings.
Primary flight feather.
Feathers that extend from the back if the ulna and provide the central section of the wing with the shape necessary for flight.
Secondary flight feathers.
Overlap the secondary flight feathers nearest the birds body.
Tertiary flight feathers.
Soft fluffy feathers that lie close to the birds body proving insulation.
Down feathers.
Hard hollow backbone of a feather.
Shaft.
Individual projections attached to the shaft.
Barbs
Tiny hooks that zip the barbs together.
Barbules.
True or false: feathers (keratin) grow from follicles.
True
Grooming.
Preen.
Gland that produces oil that the bird spreads over its feathers.
Preen gland.
When a bird sheds its old feathers.
Molts or molting.
What is the most strenuous part of a birds flight.
Take off
How do birds control their flight.
With their wings, tail, and even individual feathers.
The best known type of avian flight where the bird continually flaps to travel.
Powered flight or flapping flight
The simplest kind of flight and uses minimal energy.
Gliding.
Rising hot air.
Thermals.
Type of flight when a bird glides through a thermal updraft.
Soaring.
Some of the best gliders.
Soaring seabirds.
An alternate of flapping with gliding or coasting.
Intermittent Flight.
To remain stationary in the air
Hover.
Built in knowledge.
Instinct.
An unusual organ a bird uses to sing located at the base of the trachea.
Syrinx.
Why do birds call.
Birds call to attract their mates, warn other birds of danger, and announce when food is available.
Body language of birds.
Visual display.
True or false: birds take water baths to clean their skin and feathers of dust, parasites, and excess body oils.
True.
The act where a bird will splash dust over its feathers and shake it off.
Dusting.
The act where a bird will rub ants against its feathers.
Anting.
Anting is most practiced when a bird is ?
Molting.
Behavior where small birds attack or harass its predator.
Mobbing.
True or false: ground nesting birds will attempt to lure predators away from the nest rather than fight them.
True.
The behavior where a bird will draw attention to its self by running rapidly along the ground jumping and squealing like a mouse.
Rodent running.
The regular movement of animals between two habitats.
Migration.
A large group of birds.
Flock.
Migrating to another altitude on the slope of a mountain.
Altitudinal migration.
True or false: migration generally occurs in the spring and fall, along routes that run north and south.
True.
The routes migrating birds take.
Flyways.
True or false: most male birds perform courtship rituals to attract a mate.
True.
A complex package designed to nurture and protect the developing embryo.
Egg.
The large egg cell produced by the mothers ovary.
Yolk body.
Nutrient-rich fluid for the developing chick.
Yolk.
Place where the embryo will develop in the egg.
Germinal spot.
Egg white.
Albumen.
The dense twisted cord that holds the yolk body in place.
Chalaza.
Structures that are outside the albumen and are made if keratin.
Shell membranes.
The outermost layer of an egg that is made of calcium carbonate.
Shell.
Scooped out hollow in the ground.
Scrape.
Keeping eggs warm for proper development.
Incubation.
A featherless place on the underside of the parent bird that transfers heat to the eggs.
Brood patch.
True or false: the shape of a birds wing depend on how and where it is designed to fly.
True.
True or false : the tail shape is determined by the type of flight and habitat conditions for which the bird was designed.
True.
Long, narrow wings are for?
Large broad wings are for?
Narrow wings are for?
Gliding, soaring, and high speed diving.
Short tapered wings are for?
Short, broad wings are for?
Tapered wings are for?
Hovering, maneuvering in close quarters, and fast, agile flapping flight.
Are for cracking hard seeds.
Seed eating bills.
Hummingbirds have these to extract nectar.
Sucking bills.
Bills of toucans and other tropical birds that have serrated edges.
Fruit slicing bill.
Bills of hunting birds.
Tearing bill.
Bills of herons that equip them for spearing their prey.
Piercing bills.
The bills of sandpipers and whimbrels that allow them to retrieve burrowing crustaceans.
Probing bill.
Bills of birds that capture insects in flight.
Gaping bills.
Bills for diverse diets.
All purpose bills.
Bills of spoonbills and flamingos.
Straining bills.
Feet with three forward toes and one hind toe.
Perching feet.
Feet with long toes like a rake which are used for scratching.
Scratching feet.
Feet with two forward toes and two backward toes.
Climbing feet.
Feet similar to perching feet but have sharp curved talons.
Grasping feet.
Feet with three forward toes and a very small hind toe or no toe.
Running feet.
Feet with skin connecting the toes or just feet with skin that form lobes.
Swimming feet.
Feet that are similar to swimming feet but are connected to stilt like legs.
Wading feet.
Various colors, patterns, and markings characteristic of a particular bird species.
Field marks.
True or false: the appearance of a bird can vary based on gender, age, and time of year.
True.
Six categories of birds.
Perching birds, birds of prey, water birds, game birds, tropical birds, and flightless birds.
Birds that are found in forests, parks, and backyards that include songbirds, wrens, and similar species.
Perching birds.
True or false: not all perching birds are equipped with perching feet.
False. All perching birds have perching feet.
Chicks that hatch featherless and helpless.
Altricial.
The smallest bird.
Bee humming bird.
True or false: raptors are distinguished by their ability to hunt by snatching prey with grasping feet.
True.
The worlds fastest bird.
Peregrine falcon.
Diving at a very steep angle.
Diving.
Hunting using trained falcon and hawks.
Falconry.
One of the strangest birds of prey.
Secretary bird.
The national bird of the United States.
Bald eagle.
Group of birds that include swimming birds and wading birds.
Water birds.
Birds that hatch with down and are able to run or swim shortly after birth.
Precocial.
Type of water bird that include ducks, geese, and swans.
Waterfowl.
Short necked waterfowl.
Ducks.
Waterfowl that is bigger than ducks and have longer necks.
Geese.
Waterfowl that have longer necks than both ducks and geese.
Swans.
Waterfowl with unique throat pouches.
Pelican.
Birds that are hunted and edible or that have similar anatomy.
Game birds.
True or false: except for doves, pigeons and a few other species, game birds fly very little and nest on the ground.
True.
True or false: megapodes (big feet) aren’t the only birds in the world that provide any parental care for their young.
False.
True or false: many tropical birds can’t be classified in other groups.
False.
Type of tropical bird that includes macaws, parakeets, lorikeets m, budgerigars, lovebirds, and cockatoos.
Parrots.
Type of tropical birds that are brightly colored.
Trogons.
One of the best known trogon.
Resplendent quetzal.
Group of birds that includes ostriches, emus, kiwis, rheas, and cassowaries.
Flightless birds.
Flightless birds associated with Antarctica.
Penguins.
The largest living penguin.
Emperor penguin.
