Chapter 8: Birds Flashcards
The feathers of birds are called.
Plumage.
Birds are the class?
Aves.
Scientist who study birds.
Ornithologists.
Characteristics of birds.
Bipedal, warm blooded, vertebrates, feathers, scaly legs, wings.
Term pertaining to birds.
Avian.
Instead of solid bones what do birds have.
Hollow bones strengthened by internal cross bracing like a steel girder.
The largest flying bird.
Andean condor.
Instead of teeth and jawbones what do birds have.
Toothless bills made of keratin, reinforced by lightweight bony struts.
Large ridge on the sternum.
Keel.
Clavicles of a bird that are fused together forming the ?
Furcula
Short upper arm bone of a bird.
Humerus.
Lower, longer arm bones of a bird.
Ulna and radius.
Retractable group of feathers.
Alula.
The ? Of a flying birds are engineered to meet the power demands of flight.
Muscles.
The most important flight muscles.
Pectorals.
The larger two of the four pectoral muscles that pulls the wing down to produce the power stroke.
Pectoralis major.
Pulls the wing up like a rope and pulley
Pectoralis minor.
By using these muscles instead of back muscles.
The birds weight is concentrated low in their chest for stability in flight.
Birds do not have a diaphragm but instead.
Air is pumped through the lungs as chest muscles expand and contract the thoracic cavity.
A bird inhales and exhales twice to move each breath of air
Ffdfh
True or false: a birds four chambered heart circulates blood in a pattern similar to mammals and humans.
True.
True or false: store a lot of liquid and solid waste in their bodies.
False.
A storage sac in the esophagus if a bird.
Crop.
Special section in the stomach of a bird that grinds the food.
Gizzard.
Tiny tubes that allow air to flow through the lungs.
Air capillaries.
Birds have the best ?
Eyesight.
Type of vision in which each eye sees a very different portion of the world around them.
Monocular vision.
Eyes that are positioned forward gives
Binocular vision.
Strong feathers found on the birds body, wings, and tail that also point toward the tail to aid in streamlining.
Contour.
Narrow supports for the flight feathers.
Wings.
Special contour feathers that provide the necessary wing shape.
Flight feathers
Feathers that extend from the birds hand to the tip of the wings.
Primary flight feather.
Feathers that extend from the back if the ulna and provide the central section of the wing with the shape necessary for flight.
Secondary flight feathers.
Overlap the secondary flight feathers nearest the birds body.
Tertiary flight feathers.
Soft fluffy feathers that lie close to the birds body proving insulation.
Down feathers.
Hard hollow backbone of a feather.
Shaft.
Individual projections attached to the shaft.
Barbs
Tiny hooks that zip the barbs together.
Barbules.
True or false: feathers (keratin) grow from follicles.
True
Grooming.
Preen.
Gland that produces oil that the bird spreads over its feathers.
Preen gland.
When a bird sheds its old feathers.
Molts or molting.
What is the most strenuous part of a birds flight.
Take off
How do birds control their flight.
With their wings, tail, and even individual feathers.
The best known type of avian flight where the bird continually flaps to travel.
Powered flight or flapping flight
The simplest kind of flight and uses minimal energy.
Gliding.
Rising hot air.
Thermals.
Type of flight when a bird glides through a thermal updraft.
Soaring.
Some of the best gliders.
Soaring seabirds.
An alternate of flapping with gliding or coasting.
Intermittent Flight.
To remain stationary in the air
Hover.
