Chapter 3: Your Wonderful Body Flashcards
What are the most important parts of a human being, and can it be explained scientifically?
The soul and spirit and no it can not.
What is an anatomist?
Scientists who study anatomy.
Scientists seek to understand the body’s composition and function using what?
Known physical and chemical laws.
What are the body’s main three divisions?
The head, trunk (which contains most of the body’s vital organs), and the appendages (arms and legs).
Can any part of the body exist independently?
No part can
What is a system?
A system is a group of organs that function together as a unit to perform a definite job for the body.
What is a organ?
An organ is a group of tissues specifically arranged to perform a definite function.
What are tissues?
Tissues are made up of cells.
What are the smallest units of living things?
Cells.
To survive your body’s cells need what?
Food, water, oxygen supplied, and wastes removed.
What are the cardiovascular systems major functions?
Transport nutrients, wastes, respiratory gasses, and other materials.
What are the respiratory systems major functions?
Provide oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide from it.
Major functions of the digestive sys.?
Breaks down and absorbs nutrients.
Major functions of the urinary sys. ?
Concentrate and remove liquid wastes.
Lymphatic sys. Major functions.
Transport lymph; protects body against infection.
Integumentary sys. Major functions.
Covers and protects the body.
Skeletal sys. Major functions
Supports the body; provides attachment for muscles; protects vital organs.
Muscular sys. Major functions.
Moves body parts.
Nervous sys. Major functions.
Controls body functions and activities.
Endocrine sys. Major functions.
Controls certain internal body functions.
Reproductive sys. Major functions
Forms reproductive cells.
Straw colored liquid that is in 50% of your blood.
Plasma
Transports oxygen to the other cells of the body on special proteins called hemoglobin.
Red blood cells.
Cell pieces in the blood that form clots and seal up cuts.
Platelets.
Moves blood through your body by the pumping action.
Heart.
Large blood vessels that carry blood away from your heart.
Arteries.
Branch from the larger arteries, then branch into a vast network of smaller vessels called capillaries.
Arterioles.
The mixing of gas or liquid molecules by random molecular motion.
Diffusion.
Merge from capillaries and are similar to arteries except they carry blood to the veins (large blood vessels).
Venules
Blood moves through the veins with the help of what?
Muscular system.
Hearts upper chamber
Atrium
Hearts lower chamber.
Ventricle.
Tough slippery membrane that enclose the heart allowing the chambers to contract and relax without rubbing against the surrounding tissues.
Pericardium.
Transports blood back and forth between the lungs and the heart.
Pulmonary circulation.
Blood flow to the heart tissues which also provides large amounts of oxygen and nutrients necessary to keep the heart pumping.
Coronary circulation.
The flow of blood between the heart and the rest of the body.
Systematic circulation.
Air entering the respiratory system generally travels first through the?
Nasal cavity
Secretes Sticky mucus that traps dust particle and other foreign substances in the nasal cavity.
Mucous membrane.
Throat
Pharynx.
Voice box.
Larynx.
Windpipe.
Trachea.
Allows air to enter both lungs.
Bronchi.
Large spongy organs located in the thoracic cavity.
Lungs.
Thin slippery membranes that cover the lungs.
Pleura.
Tiny air sacs in your lungs
Alveoli.
Dome shaped muscle that helps you breathe by contracting to create more space in your chest cavity.
Diaphragm.
Acts mechanically and chemically to break down food.
Digestive sys.
The path food follows through the digestive sys.
Alimentary canal.
Chews food and mixes it with saliva.
Mouth.
Molecules designed to make chemical reactions occur very rapidly.
Enzymes.
Are critical for digestion
Teeth.
Visible part of the teeth.
Crown.
Hardest substance in the body.
Enamel.
The part of the tooth that’s not covered with enamel.
The root.
Hard bone like tissue that lies under the enamel.
Dentin.
The thin bone like covering over the root and holds the tooth firmly in its socket.
Cementum.
Connects the cementum to the jawbone.
Periodontal membrane.
A long muscular tube that connects your mouth to the stomach.
Esophagus.
The involuntary contraction of muscles in the esophagus that pushes the food toward your stomach.
Peristalsis.
Trap door that keeps food from entering the trachea.
Epiglottis.
A muscular organ that acts as a storage and mixing chamber.
Stomach.
The organ where most chemical digestion and food absorption occurs.
Small intestine.
The first ten inches of the small intestine is?
Duodenum.
Second portion of the small intestine.
Jejunum.
The last section of the small intestine.
Ileum.
A large number of hairlike tubes that cover the inside of all three sections of the small intestine and absorb digested food through their surfaces which enters the blood stream through the capillaries.
Villi.
The body’s largest internal organ.
Liver
Yellowish green liquid produced by the liver,which is mixed with food in the small intestine to help digest fat.
Bile
