Chapter 3: Your Wonderful Body Flashcards
0
Q
What are the most important parts of a human being, and can it be explained scientifically?
A
The soul and spirit and no it can not.
1
Q
What is an anatomist?
A
Scientists who study anatomy.
2
Q
Scientists seek to understand the body’s composition and function using what?
A
Known physical and chemical laws.
3
Q
What are the body’s main three divisions?
A
The head, trunk (which contains most of the body’s vital organs), and the appendages (arms and legs).
4
Q
Can any part of the body exist independently?
A
No part can
5
Q
What is a system?
A
A system is a group of organs that function together as a unit to perform a definite job for the body.
6
Q
What is a organ?
A
An organ is a group of tissues specifically arranged to perform a definite function.
7
Q
What are tissues?
A
Tissues are made up of cells.
8
Q
What are the smallest units of living things?
A
Cells.
9
Q
To survive your body’s cells need what?
A
Food, water, oxygen supplied, and wastes removed.
10
Q
What are the cardiovascular systems major functions?
A
Transport nutrients, wastes, respiratory gasses, and other materials.
11
Q
What are the respiratory systems major functions?
A
Provide oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide from it.
12
Q
Major functions of the digestive sys.?
A
Breaks down and absorbs nutrients.
13
Q
Major functions of the urinary sys. ?
A
Concentrate and remove liquid wastes.
14
Q
Lymphatic sys. Major functions.
A
Transport lymph; protects body against infection.
15
Q
Integumentary sys. Major functions.
A
Covers and protects the body.
16
Q
Skeletal sys. Major functions
A
Supports the body; provides attachment for muscles; protects vital organs.
17
Q
Muscular sys. Major functions.
A
Moves body parts.
18
Q
Nervous sys. Major functions.
A
Controls body functions and activities.
19
Q
Endocrine sys. Major functions.
A
Controls certain internal body functions.
20
Q
Reproductive sys. Major functions
A
Forms reproductive cells.
21
Q
Straw colored liquid that is in 50% of your blood.
A
Plasma
22
Q
Transports oxygen to the other cells of the body on special proteins called hemoglobin.
A
Red blood cells.
23
Q
Cell pieces in the blood that form clots and seal up cuts.
A
Platelets.
24
Moves blood through your body by the pumping action.
Heart.
25
Large blood vessels that carry blood away from your heart.
Arteries.
26
Branch from the larger arteries, then branch into a vast network of smaller vessels called capillaries.
Arterioles.
27
The mixing of gas or liquid molecules by random molecular motion.
Diffusion.
28
Merge from capillaries and are similar to arteries except they carry blood to the veins (large blood vessels).
Venules
29
Blood moves through the veins with the help of what?
Muscular system.
30
Hearts upper chamber
Atrium
31
Hearts lower chamber.
Ventricle.
32
Tough slippery membrane that enclose the heart allowing the chambers to contract and relax without rubbing against the surrounding tissues.
Pericardium.
33
Transports blood back and forth between the lungs and the heart.
Pulmonary circulation.
34
Blood flow to the heart tissues which also provides large amounts of oxygen and nutrients necessary to keep the heart pumping.
Coronary circulation.
35
The flow of blood between the heart and the rest of the body.
Systematic circulation.
36
Air entering the respiratory system generally travels first through the?
Nasal cavity
37
Secretes Sticky mucus that traps dust particle and other foreign substances in the nasal cavity.
Mucous membrane.
38
Throat
Pharynx.
39
Voice box.
Larynx.
40
Windpipe.
Trachea.
41
Allows air to enter both lungs.
Bronchi.
42
Large spongy organs located in the thoracic cavity.
Lungs.
43
Thin slippery membranes that cover the lungs.
Pleura.
44
Tiny air sacs in your lungs
Alveoli.
45
Dome shaped muscle that helps you breathe by contracting to create more space in your chest cavity.
Diaphragm.
46
Acts mechanically and chemically to break down food.
Digestive sys.
47
The path food follows through the digestive sys.
Alimentary canal.
48
Chews food and mixes it with saliva.
Mouth.
49
Molecules designed to make chemical reactions occur very rapidly.
Enzymes.
50
Are critical for digestion
Teeth.
51
Visible part of the teeth.
Crown.
52
Hardest substance in the body.
Enamel.
53
The part of the tooth that's not covered with enamel.
The root.
54
Hard bone like tissue that lies under the enamel.
Dentin.
55
The thin bone like covering over the root and holds the tooth firmly in its socket.
Cementum.
56
Connects the cementum to the jawbone.
Periodontal membrane.
57
A long muscular tube that connects your mouth to the stomach.
Esophagus.
58
The involuntary contraction of muscles in the esophagus that pushes the food toward your stomach.
Peristalsis.
59
Trap door that keeps food from entering the trachea.
Epiglottis.
60
A muscular organ that acts as a storage and mixing chamber.
Stomach.
61
The organ where most chemical digestion and food absorption occurs.
Small intestine.
62
The first ten inches of the small intestine is?
Duodenum.
63
Second portion of the small intestine.
Jejunum.
64
The last section of the small intestine.
Ileum.
65
A large number of hairlike tubes that cover the inside of all three sections of the small intestine and absorb digested food through their surfaces which enters the blood stream through the capillaries.
Villi.
66
The body's largest internal organ.
Liver
67
Yellowish green liquid produced by the liver,which is mixed with food in the small intestine to help digest fat.
Bile
68
Saclike organ which is located beneath the liver.
Gallbladder.
69
Large intestine.
Colon.
70
Located behind the stomach and produces pancreatic juices.
Pancreas.
71
The short section at the end of the colon.
Rectum.
72
Excretes waste from your body.
Excretory sys.
73
Bean shaped organs that contain a compact system of very small tubes.
Kidneys.
74
Organs that connect the kidneys to the bladder.
Ureters.
75
The canal that discharged urine from the body.
Urethra.
76
The liquid that surrounds every cell in your body.
Tissue fluid.
77
Tissue fluid after cleaning the cells.
Lymph.
78
Lymph is transported how many ways.
One way, lymph doesn't circulate.
79
Enlarged bundles of lymphatic tissue that cleans lymph of debris before sending it back into the blood stream.
Lymph Nodes.
80
Most lymph nodes are found where?
In the underarms, groin, and neck.
81
Disease causing organisms.
Pathogens.
82
Accumulations of lymphatic tissue that prevent pathogens from entering your body through your throat.
Tonsils and adenoids.
83
The largest lymphatic organ.
Spleen.
84
Jobs for the spleen.
Filter out and dispose of dead cells and microbes in the blood and to serve as a storage tank for blood.
85
System of defense that fights invading microorganisms.
Immune sys.
86
Repels invading pathogen.
White blood cell.
87
Executes the body's initial attack.
Neutrophils.
88
Move in after the neutrophils to combat the missed enemies and to clean up after battle.
Macrophage.
89
Neutrophils and macrophages are two types of?
Phagocyte or eater cells, which contribute the most in battle against pathogens.
90
important group of white blood cells that include B cells, helper T cells, and killer T cells they work together to produce antibodies which inactivated pathogens and marks them for destruction by white blood cells.
Lymphocytes.
91
Some B cells remain as ? To prepare the body for battle if the same pathogen comes back.
Memory cells.
92
From birth to adulthood allows lymphocytes to grow and mature and as you age it deteriorates.
Thymus.
93
The top layer of skin.
Epidermis.
94
The most important pigment.
Melanin.
95
Sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles are found where?
In the dermis.
96
Another name for fat.
Adipose.
97
The soft, fatty tissue in the porous center of a long bone.
Marrow.
98
Long bones are ?
Humerus, femur, and phalanges.
99
Short bones.
Wrists and ankles.
100
Flat bones.
Ribs and protect vital organs.
101
Irregular bone.
Vertebrae.
102
Axial skeleton.
Includes head, spine, and ribs.
103
Skull.
Cranium.
104
Upper jawbone.
Maxillary bones.
105
Lower jawbone.
Mandible.
106
The only movable bone in the skull.
Mandible.
107
Hollow spaces that help your voice resonate and lighten your skull.
Sinuses.
108
Vertebral column.
Backbone.
109
Two bones fused together in adults.
Sacrum and coccyx.
110
Breastbone.
Sternum.
111
Appendicular skeleton.
Includes the appendages and the clavicle (collarbones), scapula (shoulder blade) and the pelvis (hipbones).
112
The place where two or more bones meet.
Joint.
113
Smooth tissue that allows the bones in movable joints move easily.
Cartilage.
114
Strong tough tissues that connect bones to other bones.
Ligaments.
115
Hinge joints.
Allows back and forth movement, examples are knees, elbows, fingers, and toes.
116
Pivot joints.
Allows turning movements, examples are first two bones if the vertebrae and elbow.
117
Ball and socket joints.
Allows movement in many directions, examples are shoulders, and hips.
118
A break or crack in a bone.
Fracture.
119
A crack or break that does not cause the bone to pierce the skins surface.
Simple fracture.
120
Bone breaks through the skin.
Compound fracture.
121
About half of the body's weigh is ?
Muscle.
122
Muscles that are controlled with the conscious mind and are attached to the bones.
Skeletal muscles.
123
Muscles can?
Pull but never push.
124
Tough and cordlike structures that attach the muscles to the bones.
Tendons.
125
One end is anchored to a relatively immovable (part like a bone) at a point called the?
Origin.
126
The other end of the muscle attaches to a movable part of the body called?
The insertion.
127
The insertion is always?
Pulled toward the origin.
128
Muscles that work whether you think about it or not.
Involuntary muscles.
129
Coordinates the activities of your body.
Nervous system.
130
Two major divisions of the nervous system.
Central and peripheral.
131
Nervous system the contains the brain, and spinal cord.
Central.
132
Nervous system composed of the nerves and nerve tissues called ganglia.
Peripheral.
133
Bundles of fibers that connect the central nervous system with the rest of the body.
Nerves.
134
Information transmitted throughout the body as electrochemical messages.
Impulses.
135
Travel to and from the central nervous system allowing the brain and spinal cord to control all your other body systems.
Impulses.
136
The chief organ of the nervous system.
Brain.
137
The largest part of the brain.
Cerebrum.
138
The cerebrum is divided into?
Halves or hemispheres
139
Is a wrinkled fist sized mass at the back of the brain and coordinates walking writing talking and riding a bike.
Cerebellum.
140
Connects the rest of the brain to the spinal cord and is responsible for digestion heartbeat breathing and regulation of the body temperature.
Brain stem.
141
Is inside the vertebral column and transmits impulse from the brain to the peripheral nervous sys. Controls reflexes like withdrawing from pain.
Spinal cord.
142
Transmits info to the brain and spinal cord.
Sensory nerve fibers.
143
Transmits messages from the central nervous sys. To the muscles and other organs.
Motor nerve fibers.
144
Special nerve endings that detect conditions around you.
Sensory receptors.
145
Chemical substances responsible for controlling many automatic activities of your body.
Hormone.
146
Sys that produces hormones.
Endocrine sys.
147
A structure that secretes a chemical substance.
A gland.
148
Glands of the endocrine sys and release their secretions directly into the body.
Endocrine glands.
149
Note: each type of hormone stimulates or hinders the activities of only one specific organ or group of organs.
Yep
150
The master gland and controls the action of other endocrine glands.
Pituitary gland.
151
Bow tie shaped gland located in front of the neck below the larynx.
Thyroid gland.
152
Produced by the thyroid gland and regulates the body's metabolism.
Thyroxine.
153
Works with the thyroid gland to control the amount of calcium in the blood.
Parathyroid glands.
154
Releases hormones like epinephrine (adrenaline) that are responsible for the fight or flight responses to stress.
Adrenal glands.
155
Glands that secrete insulin and glucagon that regulate sugar levels in the body.
Islets of langerhans
156
A disease caused either when not enough insulin is produced or when the body doesn't respond properly to the insulin that is produced.
Diabetes mellitus.
157
Serves as a clock to control waking and sleeping. Secretes hormones that help you relax and feel sleepy.
Pineal gland.
158
The main organs in the reproductive sys. The two orvaries in women and the two testes in men and produce special cells in the females (eggs) and males (sperm).
Gonads.
159
Four types of tissues.
Epithelial, muscle, connective, and nerve.
160
Tissues that fit tightly together to form protective barriers on the outer skin.
Epithelial.
161
The type of tissue that provides motion.
Muscle tissue.
162
Tissue that all muscles that can be used voluntarily are composed of.
Skeletal muscle tissue.
163
Tissue that controls the diameter of the blood vessels, propels food along the digestive tract, and adjusts the size of you pupils.
Smooth muscle tissue.
164
Tissue that is found in your heart.
Cardiac muscle tissue.
165
The tissue that is probably the most versatile,
Connective tissue.
166
Tissue found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerve sand is used to conduct impulses and coordinates the body's direct functions.
Nerve tissue.
167
Note : each different type off tissue has its own specific structure enabling it to perform its particular job perfectly.
Yep n
168
Union between the egg and sperm cell
Conception or fertilization.
169
Womb that holds the baby
Uterus.
170
Exchanges blood from the baby to the mothers blood and absorbs nutrients and discharges waste.
Placenta.
171
Connects a baby's body to the placenta.
Umbilical cord.
