Chapter 8 - Attitudes implicites Flashcards

1
Q

Origine des attitudes implicites -> Expérience et socialisation

A

a) Traces of past experience
- the degree of maternal attathcment will predict their attitudes towards preferencee of gender
- self esteem, auto evaluation depends on the style of parenting
- explicit prejudice of parents have an impact on implicit prejudice of kids - our early experiences have an important weight when we measure attitudes in the present

b) More recent experiences:

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2
Q

Origine des attitudes implicites -> Objets d’attitude liés à soi

A
  • Principe de consistance évaluative
  • Egotisme implicite = positive evaluation of alphabet letters that are part of our names (cities we lived in)
    reason: we have a positive self esteem and we tend to positively evaluate things that are connected to us - implicit
  • Appartenance groupale = the simple fact of being associated to a group - implicitment - we will manifest implicit attitudes towards that group
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3
Q

Origine des attitudes implicites -> Evaluations culturelles

A
  • > Explicite (ingroup bias) vs implicite (norm bias) = minority (low) status groups - have a tendency to differentiate themselves from the high status groups
  • Congruent avec la théorie de la justification du système = most of us prefer to perceive society as a just system - people have a tendency to justify the system - anomalies: low status evaluate in a implicit level the group that he is not part of
  • Débat sur la validité des mesures implicites (attitude vs. connaissances culturelles)
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4
Q

Lien avec attitudes explicites -> Variabilité dans la correspondance entre attitudes implicites et explicites

A
  • Deux conceptions:
    - deux attitudes différentes (ambivalence; ex. estime de soi, Grumm et al., 2009)
    - une attitude (facteurs influençant l’expression; Fazio)
  • Résultats:
    - Corrélations de faibles à modérées (
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5
Q

Lien avec attitudes explicite -> Auto-présentation

A

Stratégie d’auto-présentation = réduction de la
corrélation explicite – implicite
• désirabilité selon l’objet (Nosek, 2005) = when people want to manage their image to others the correlation between implicit and explicit diminishes => wants to save face

  • motivation à ne pas exprimer préjugé (Fazio et al., 1995): corrélation: low > high
  • mais, motivation interiorisée (high-motin/low-motex): faible attitude implicite aussi (Devine et al., 2002) = when people are motivated to not express racism attitudes, leads to a diminishing of these racist attitudes
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6
Q

Lien avec attitudes explicites -> Force de l’attitude

A
  • Attitude forte = stable, résistante et prédictive

- > augmentation de la corrélation explicite – implicite

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7
Q

Flexibilité

Attitudes implicites = constructions online!

A

Possible de « défaire » des attitudes implicites (Mann & Ferguson, 2015) = sometimes implicit expresses things that we just passed through - easier to change than implicit that reflect something from our childhood

Effet d’accessibilité
• Information prédécente (Dasgupta et Greenwald, 2001) : noirs admirés vs. blancs malaimés à diminue préjugé implicit
• Catégorisation des cibles (Mitchell et al., 2005) :
- Race: blanc-politicien > noir-athlète
- Profession: blanc-politicien < noir-athlète

Effet des set de stimuli
• Prototypicalité (Govan et Williams, 2004) :
- insectes(-) < fleurs(+)
- insectes(+) > fleurs(-)

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8
Q

Lien avec les comportements -> Prédiction de réponses comportementales

A

Fonction utilitaire des attitudes:
• atti+=approche atti- =évitement (Chen &Bargh, 1999)

  • Préjugés implicites>explicites -> comp. non-verbaux
  • Comportement politiques (Gawronski et al., 2014) = implicit predict easier certain behavior expresions that are mostly automatic - link between implicit att and spontaneous behavior
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