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Biology > Chapter 8 and 9 and 14 and15 study guide > Flashcards

Chapter 8 and 9 and 14 and15 study guide Flashcards

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0
Q

Why are chromatids?

A

Duplicate Halves of chromosomes

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1
Q

What do DNA need to do To fit inside of the cell?

A

Becomes More Calmpact By wrapping around protein

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2
Q

When is it centromere?

A

a protein disk that attaches two chromatids to each other in a chromosome

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3
Q

What is the difference between chromatids of eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes have more than one chromosome while prokaryotes have one chromosome

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4
Q

How many chromosomes in your body cells.?

A

46 in body cells

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5
Q

When is the difference between a diploid and I haploid cell?

A

Diploid: 46 chromosomes body cells 1n
Haploid: 23 chromosomes, sex cells sperm egg 1n

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6
Q

What is mitosis?

A

A process in which as cells nucleus divides

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7
Q

Well happens going mitosis?

A

Chromosomes exchange segments of DNA

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8
Q

How many chromosomes you receive from your mother and father?

A

22 Autosomes and a sex chromosome from each parent

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9
Q

Chapter 9

A

Chevy

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10
Q

Differences between homozygotes and heterozygotes Alleles

A

Homozygotes is too similar alleles and heterozygote has two different alleles

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11
Q

How many cells in chromosomes does meiosis Produce?

A

Producers 4 cells, each with 23 chromosomes.

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13
Q

Why do the letters Tt represent

A

Each Letter represents one Allele

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14
Q

In a punnet square what do letters inside the box represent

A

The offspring of a cross

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15
Q

Who is Gregor Mendel

A

Father of genetics with pea plants

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16
Q

What are the differences between dominant and recessive

A

Dominick mask the recessive and recessive is masked by dominate

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17
Q

What is phenotype what is a genotype

A

P-physical appearance based on the genotype

G- the genetics of an organism

18
Q

In Mendel’s. Experiment the results of the F in one generation

A

The result showed the dominate trait

19
Q

What is the difference between a monohybrid and dihybrid cross

A

Mono involves only one trait

Di hybrid involves crosses of two traits

20
Q

Chapter 10

A

Chapter 10

21
Q

What is the primary function of DNA

A

Storing and transmitting genetic information

22
Q

What is DNA Maid of

A

Deoxyribose sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogen containing base

23
Q

What are the bases in DNA and RNA

A

DNA a-t pair up g-c pair up

RNA a-u pair up g-c pair up

24
Q

What is the difference between DNA and RNA

A

DNA is double-stranded deoxyribose sugar and thymine base

RNA is Single-stranded it has a ribose sugar and a uracil base

25
Q

What is the function of tRNA mRNA rRNA

A

TRNA transfer RNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes
MRNA messenger RNA takes information from DNA out of the nucleus
Are RNA ribosomal RNA makes up ribosomes

26
Q

What happens during transcription

A

DNA is copied into a strand of mRNA the mRNAs able to leave the nucleus

27
Q

What happens during Translation

A

MRNA is read by the ribosomes. The tRNA matches amino acids to the codon on mRNA to make a protein

28
Q

Chapter 14-15

A

Gang

29
Q

What is spontaneous generation

A

The belief the living organisms can come from living organisms

30
Q

Who is Francisco Redi and how did he get disproved spontaneous Generation

A

Scientist who used rotting meat

31
Q

Who is Louis pasture

A

He disproved spontaneous generation using curved neck flasks

32
Q

How old is the earth

A

4.6 billion years old

33
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Studied on the Galapagos Islands created the theory of evolution which means that species changes over time by natural selection

34
Q

Natural selection

A

Organisms with traits well suited their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than organisms less suited to their environment

35
Q

Adaption

A

The process by which the population becomes better suited to its environment

36
Q

Darwin studied

A

He studied finches and concluded that they are came from a common ancestor

37
Q

What is vestigial structure name some examples

A 
Structure that was once useful to any ancestor but is  no longer useful
Hipbone in a whale 
legs in a snake 
appendix 
tailbone
38
Q

What is homeless structure name some examples

A

Similar features that originated in a shared Ancester

39
Q

What is biogeography

A

Study of the distribution of fossils

40
Q

Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will do what?

A

Survive and reproduce

41
Q

What species developed because of artificial selection

A

Dogs

Biology (4 decks)

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