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Biology > Chapter 24 > Flashcards

Chapter 24 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

biologists group most bacteria according to their _______ _______

A

gram stain

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1
Q

biologists group most bacteria into___ groups

A

Two

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2
Q

small amounts of peptidoglycan and take up a red dye that makes them look positive

A

Gram negative bacteria

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3
Q

have peptidoglycan and take up the purple dye in their cell walls

A

Gram-positive bacteria

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4
Q

largest and most diverse group
they are aerobic and anaerobic
many live symbiotically with other organisms
ex: nitrogen fixing bacteria
Some can cause disease in plants and animals

A

Proteobacteria

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5
Q
  • they live in human intestines
A

enteric bacteria

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6
Q

this group is large and has many members

Ex. the streptococcal species that causes strep throat

A

Gram positive bacteria

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7
Q

: they grow in soil and make antibiotics which kill neighboring bacteria

A

actinomycetes

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8
Q

use photosynthesis to get energy from the sun
they are very numerous and offer a large amount of food to marine and freshwater ecosystem
responsible for the oxygen rich atmosphere we have now

A

Cyanobacteria

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9
Q

gram negative spiral shaped bacteria
some are aerobic, some are anaerobic
they move in a corkscrew like motion

A

Spirochetes

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10
Q

made of peptidoglycan in eubacteria, but not in archaebacteria
Protects the cell and gives it shape

A

cell wall

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11
Q

Cell membrane and cytoplasm
the cell membrane is much like a eukaryotic
bacteria have no organelles in the cytoplasm
Bacterial DNA is a single closed year

A

Cell membrane and cytoplasm

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12
Q

protect the bacteria from drying, harsh chemicals, invading bacterium and white blood cells
Some contain glycocalx

A

capsules

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13
Q

Short hairlike structures on some bacteria

Help some bacteria adhere to other bacteria

A

pilli

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14
Q

structure in some gram-positive bacteria that protects the cell against harsh environmental conditions
such as heat, drought, chemicals, and radiation
nutrition and growth

A

Endospores

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15
Q

Heterotrophic bacteria that feed on dead material

A

saprophyte

16
Q

trap sunlight and use them for energy

A

photoautotroph

17
Q

oxidize in organic compounds to produce energy

A

Chemoautotroph

18
Q

can not survive in the prescience of oxygen

A

obligate anaerobe

19
Q

cannot survive without oxygen

A

obligate aerobes

20
Q

can live with or without oxygen

A

Facultative anaerobes

21
Q

is the study of disease bacteria that causes disease are called pathogens

A

pathology

22
Q

: are toxic substances that bacteria secrete into their environment

A

exotoxins

23
Q

toxins that are secreted after a cell die

A

endotoxins:

24
Q

when ________are realised, they cause fever, body aches, diarrhoea, haemorrhage, and weakness

A

Toxins

25
Q

There are_____ diseases caused by bacteria

A

many

26
Q

: Bacillus anthracis

	      - affects lungs skin or intestines
	      - transmitted by airborne spores
A

Anthrax

27
Q

: clostridium botulinum

	        - affects the nerves
                    - transmitted through improperly preserved foods
A

Botulism

28
Q

: Virio cholera species

		- affects the intestines
		- transmitted through fetes-contaminated water and food
A

Cholera

29
Q

: staphylococcus aureus

		- affects the skin soft tissue lungs and blood 
		- direct contact of skin and wounds
A

Staph

30
Q

affect bacteria by interfering with cellular activities

A

antibiotics

31
Q
  • blocks protein synthesis
A

tetracycline

32
Q

a big worry for modern medicine is

A

antibiotic resistance

33
Q

How can bacteria resist antibiotics

A

The evolution of bacteria because doctors are over prescribing antibiotics

34
Q

is used to make many processed foods through fermentation

* They help break down waste in sewage 
* grown to make acetone,acetic acid,enzymes,antibiotics and insulin
A

Bacteria

35
Q

What are the differences between gram negative and gram positive

A

Negative- has some peptoglycan and pink dye

Positive- has a lot of peptoglycan and purple dye

36
Q

Why do they stain different colours?

A

Negative - complex

Positive-simple

37
Q

Are bacteria larger or smaller than other viruses?

A

Larger but smaller then eukaryotes

38
Q

What does it mean for bacteria to become antibiotic resistant?

A

It is immune and can’t be killed

Biology (4 decks)

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