Chapter 24

Question 0

biologists group most bacteria according to their _______ _______

Answer 0

gram stain

Question 1

biologists group most bacteria into___ groups

Answer 1

Two

Question 2

small amounts of peptidoglycan and take up a red dye that makes them look positive

Answer 2

Gram negative bacteria

Question 3

have peptidoglycan and take up the purple dye in their cell walls

Answer 3

Gram-positive bacteria

Question 4

largest and most diverse group
they are aerobic and anaerobic
many live symbiotically with other organisms
ex: nitrogen fixing bacteria
Some can cause disease in plants and animals

Answer 4

Proteobacteria

Question 5

• they live in human intestines

Answer 5

enteric bacteria

Question 6

this group is large and has many members

Ex. the streptococcal species that causes strep throat

Answer 6

Gram positive bacteria

Question 7

: they grow in soil and make antibiotics which kill neighboring bacteria

Answer 7

actinomycetes

Question 8

use photosynthesis to get energy from the sun
they are very numerous and offer a large amount of food to marine and freshwater ecosystem
responsible for the oxygen rich atmosphere we have now

Answer 8

Cyanobacteria

Question 9

gram negative spiral shaped bacteria
some are aerobic, some are anaerobic
they move in a corkscrew like motion

Answer 9

Spirochetes

Question 10

made of peptidoglycan in eubacteria, but not in archaebacteria
Protects the cell and gives it shape

Answer 10

cell wall

Question 11

Cell membrane and cytoplasm
the cell membrane is much like a eukaryotic
bacteria have no organelles in the cytoplasm
Bacterial DNA is a single closed year

Answer 11

Cell membrane and cytoplasm

Question 12

protect the bacteria from drying, harsh chemicals, invading bacterium and white blood cells
Some contain glycocalx

Answer 12

capsules

Question 13

Short hairlike structures on some bacteria

Help some bacteria adhere to other bacteria

Answer 13

pilli

Question 14

structure in some gram-positive bacteria that protects the cell against harsh environmental conditions
such as heat, drought, chemicals, and radiation
nutrition and growth

Answer 14

Endospores

Question 15

Heterotrophic bacteria that feed on dead material

Answer 15

saprophyte

Question 16

trap sunlight and use them for energy

Answer 16

photoautotroph

Question 17

oxidize in organic compounds to produce energy

Answer 17

Chemoautotroph

Question 18

can not survive in the prescience of oxygen

Answer 18

obligate anaerobe

Question 19

cannot survive without oxygen

Answer 19

obligate aerobes

Question 20

can live with or without oxygen

Answer 20

Facultative anaerobes

Question 21

is the study of disease bacteria that causes disease are called pathogens

Answer 21

pathology

Question 22

: are toxic substances that bacteria secrete into their environment

Answer 22

exotoxins

Question 23

toxins that are secreted after a cell die

Answer 23

endotoxins:

Question 24

when ________are realised, they cause fever, body aches, diarrhoea, haemorrhage, and weakness

Answer 24

Toxins

Question 25

There are_____ diseases caused by bacteria

Answer 25

many

Question 26

: Bacillus anthracis - affects lungs skin or intestines - transmitted by airborne spores

Answer 26

Anthrax

Question 27

: clostridium botulinum - affects the nerves - transmitted through improperly preserved foods

Answer 27

Botulism

Question 28

: Virio cholera species - affects the intestines - transmitted through fetes-contaminated water and food

Answer 28

Cholera

Question 29

: staphylococcus aureus - affects the skin soft tissue lungs and blood - direct contact of skin and wounds

Answer 29

Staph

Question 30

affect bacteria by interfering with cellular activities

Answer 30

antibiotics

Question 31

- blocks protein synthesis

Answer 31

tetracycline

Question 32

a big worry for modern medicine is

Answer 32

antibiotic resistance

Question 33

How can bacteria resist antibiotics

Answer 33

The evolution of bacteria because doctors are over prescribing antibiotics

Question 34

is used to make many processed foods through fermentation * They help break down waste in sewage * grown to make acetone,acetic acid,enzymes,antibiotics and insulin

Answer 34

Bacteria

Question 35

What are the differences between gram negative and gram positive

Answer 35

Negative- has some peptoglycan and pink dye | Positive- has a lot of peptoglycan and purple dye

Question 36

Why do they stain different colours?

Answer 36

Negative - complex | Positive-simple

Question 37

Are bacteria larger or smaller than other viruses?

Answer 37

Larger but smaller then eukaryotes

Question 38

What does it mean for bacteria to become antibiotic resistant?

Answer 38

It is immune and can't be killed