Chapter 8 (Advanced File Handling Techniques) Flashcards
When sorting data in ascending order, you arrange records from ________ to _______ based on the value in a specific field.
lowest to highest
Normal alphabetic order is in _________ order.
ascending
When computers sort string data, _______ values are used to make comparisons.
numeric
When records are arranged one after another on the basis of the value in a particular field, this is sorting in _________ _____.
sequential order
the value of the middle item when the values are listed in order
median value
arithmetic average is called the….
mean
This is often used in statistics because it represents a more typical case where half the values are below it and half are above it.
median
A list of instructions that accomplish a task.
algorithm
In this method, after each adjacent pair of items in a list has been compared once, the largest item in the list will have “sunk” to the bottom.
ascending bubble sort
What is another phrase for a “bubble sort”?
a “sinking sort”
exchanging the values of two items is called.
swap values
Ducks in a row, New York office windows in a…
column
You access a two-dimensional array value using 2 subscripts, in which the first subscript represents the _____ and the second subscript represents the _____.
row, column
True or False: The legal values for a subscript (size - 1) is the same for both single-dimensional arrays and multi-dimensional arrays.
True
What are others words for a two-dimensional arrays?
matrix, table
A “real” order for storage
physical order
The field of a record; its contents make the record unique among all records in a file.
key field
storage locations in computer memory
addresses
storing a list of key fields paired with the storage address for the corresponding data record.
to “index” records
A computer’s ________ ______ takes care of locating available storage for records’ address
operating system
The index is stored on a ______ or the disk.
portion
When a record is removed from an indexed file, it does not have to be…
physically removed.
Creating one extra field, which holds the physical address of the next logical record, in every record of stored data.
linked list
It is more efficient to store and access records based on their _______ order than than their ________ order.
logical, physical
When computers sort data, they always use ________ values when making comparisons.
numeric
tempname = x
x=y
y = tempname
(pg 341)
This is a proper swap value formula
a sorting algorithm in which a list of elements is arranged by comparing iterms in pairs; when an item is out of order, it is swapped with the item below/next to it
bubble sort
a sorting algorithm in which list elements are examined and if an element is out of order relative to any of the items earlier in the list, each earlier item is moved down one position and then the tested element is placed in the “empty” spot.
insertion sort
a sorting algorithm in which list values are divided into sorted and unsorted sublists; then, the unsorted sublist is repeatedly examined for its smallest value which is then moved to the end of the sorted sublist.
selection sort
which sort is the one that uses sublists?
selection sort
The greatest number of comparisons needed during each loop of a bubble sort is…
one less than the number of elements in the array
True or False: For each element in a two-dimensional array, the first subscript represents the row number and the second one represents the column.
True
a two-dimensional array is a type of…
multidimensional array
You can store records in any physical order on the disk, but when you _____ records, you store a list of key fields paired with the _______ ________ for the corresponding data record.
index, storage address
A disk is an example of a ______-______ storage device
random-access
Creating a ______ ___ involves creating one extra field in every record of stored data. This field holds the PHYSICAL address of the next LOGICAL record.
linked list
This type of sort compares list items in pairs, swapping any two adjacent values that are out of order.
bubble sort
True or False: The bubble sort is the most efficient compared to others.
False, it is simply considered more easy to understand
A two-dimensional array declared as num myArray[4][10], has how many columns?
Ten
In a two-dimensional array declared as num myArray[12][17], the highest row number is….
Eleven / 11
True or False: When you store a list of key fields paired with the storage address for the corresponding data record, you are creating a linked list.
False, you are creating an index.
In terms of an index, every record contains a field that holds the address of another record in a….
linked list
