Chapter 11 (Constructors & Destructors)

Question 1

A method that has the same name as a class AND that establishes an object.

Answer 1

constructor method

Question 2

A method that establishes an object

Answer 2

constructor method

Question 3

True or False: A default constructor that is automatically created takes an argument

Answer 3

False, a default constructor requires no arguments.

Question 4

A non-default or _________ constructor is one which requires arguments.

Answer 4

Parameterized

Question 5

An automatically-created _______ _________ exists in a class in which the programmer has not explicitly written any _________.

Answer 5

default constructor, constructors

Question 6

Does the automatically-supplied constructor provide initial values for the object’s data fields.

Answer 6

Only in some programming languages.

Question 7

True or False: Any constructor the programmer writes must have the same name as the class in which it is defined?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True or False: You can create constructors for a class with or without parameters?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Once a programmer writes a constructor, regardless of whether the parameters were included, the automatically-supplied _______ constructor no longer ______.

Answer 9

default, exists

Question 10

Three types of constructors:

1. Default (parameterless)
2. Default (parameterless) that is created _________.
3. A _________ constructor with one or more _________ that must be _______ created.

Answer 10

explicitly, nondefault, parameters, explicitly

Question 11

Can multiple explicitly-created nondefault constructors co-exist?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

True or False: You can write any statement you want in a constructor, including calling other methods, accepting inputs, declaring local variables, etc.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

A method’s ________ includes its name and list of argument types.

Answer 13

signature

Question 14

True or False: All default constructors are created automatically.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

_________ constructors only works if all the constructors have different signatures.

Answer 15

Overloading

Question 16

The most common way to declare a destructor explicitly is to use an identifier that consists of a _____.

Answer 16

tilde / ~

Question 17

True or False: A class can contain objects of another class as data fields.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Contains the actions you require when an instance of a class is destroyed.

Answer 18

Destructor

Question 19

An instance of a class is destroyed when the object…

Answer 19

goes out of scope.

Question 20

True or False: Destructors have parameters.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

True or False: You can overload destructors.

Answer 21

False, a given class can only have ONE destructor

Question 22

True or False: Destructors have to be explicitly written.

Answer 22

False, destructors are invoked automatically.

Question 23

Destructors operate similar to a ____, in that the last object created is the first object destroyed.

Answer 23

cache

Question 24

When an object is declared with a method, the object goes out of scope when the method _____.

Answer 24

ends

Question 25

True or False: An instance of a class becomes eligible for destruction when it is no longer possible for any code to use it.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

This is when a class contains objects, or "has an" instance, of another class (often as data fields)

Answer 26

Whole-part relationship

Question 27

What is another phrase for a whole-part relationship?

Answer 27

"Composition"

Question 28

Deconstructors do not have _________.

Answer 28

parameters

Question 29

A class that is used as a basis for inheritance

Answer 29

Base class

Question 30

When the parts cease to exist as a result of the whole ceasing to exist.

Answer 30

Composition

Question 31

When the parts can exist without the whole

Answer 31

Aggregation

Question 32

One of the best parts of inheritance is that a programmer can reuse a class with fields and methods that have already been _______ and ______.

Answer 32

written, tested

Question 33

Inheritance ______ _____ of errors, makes classes easier to _________, and makes the overall code easier to _______.

Answer 33

reduces chance, understand, maintain

Question 34

A base class is the same as a _____ class and ________.

Answer 34

parent, superclass

Question 35

These are classes that inherit from the base class.

Answer 35

derived class, extended class, subclass, child class

Question 36

The entire list of parent classes from which a child class is derived.

Answer 36

Ancestors (of a subclass)

Question 37

_______ classes often contain more fields and methods than ______ classes.

Answer 37

child, parent

Question 38

Child classes are often more ________ than parent classes.

Answer 38

specialized

Question 39

True or False: When a data field within a class is private, no outside class can use it - including any child classes.

Answer 39

True.

Question 40

The _______ of a child class cannot directly access the data fields it inherits.

Answer 40

methods

Question 41

How can you get around child class' methods not having direct access to data fields inherited from their parent class?

Answer 41

protected access specifiers

Question 42

What symbol is used for the protected access specifier?

Answer 42

Octothorpe / #

Question 43

True or False: The child class can use a public method within the parent class that modifies the field, just as any other outside class would.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

This describes classes that depend on field names from parent classes.

Answer 44

Fragile

Question 45

True or False: Classes that depend on field names from parent classes are prone to error.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

When a subclass can inherit from more than one parent class, this is called...

Answer 46

multiple inheritance

Question 47

The mechanism by which a child class method is used by default when a parent class contains a method with the same signature.

Answer 47

Overriding

Question 48

Collections of classes that serve related purposes

Answer 48

Libraries

Question 49

An environment in which you can create programs by dragging components such as buttons and labels onto a screen and arranging them visually.

Answer 49

Visual development environment

Question 50

Exceptions is short for...

Answer 50

"exceptions to the rule"

Question 51

A group of techniques for handling errors.

Answer 51

Exception handling

Question 52

What is another word for libraries?

Answer 52

"Packages"

Question 53

When you receive an exception the same way a parameter is received by a method

Answer 53

"catch the exception"

Question 54

A block of code you attempt to execute while acknowledging that an exception might occur.

Answer 54

Try block

Question 55

In pseudocode, you use _______ to end try blocks.

Answer 55

"endtry"

Question 56

This sends an Exception object out of the current code block/method so that it can be handled elsewhere.

Answer 56

throw statement

Question 57

A segment of code written to handle an exception that might be thrown by the try block that precedes it.

Answer 57

Catch block

Question 58

A throw statement always leads to a ______ ____.

Answer 58

catch block

Question 59

True or False: A catch block can catch all types of exceptions

Answer 59

False. Each catch block catches one type of exception that it handles, and the caught object must be of the type Exception or one of its child classes.

Question 60

It is good programming to make an Exception _____.

Answer 60

Class

Question 61

catch() is similar to a method, as it takes an ________ that is some type of _________. However, it is NOT a method.

Answer 61

argument, Exception

Question 62

Why is catch() NOT a method?

Answer 62

1. It has no return type (this includes a void return type). | 2. You cannot call catch() directly.

Question 63

Any _______ wherein there is high potentiality to throw an exception should be written within a ____ _____.

Answer 63

method, try block

Question 64

The try and catch blocks work together as a...

Answer 64

"try...catch pair"

Question 65

The common situation in which nothing goes wrong is referred to programmers, sardonically, as the...

Answer 65

sunny day case

Question 66

Using a try...catch pair and developing an Exception class is a way of avoiding unfriendly _____ ________.

Answer 66

error messages

Question 67

What is another phrase for a "whole part relationship"?

Answer 67

"has-a relationship"

Question 68

A visual development environment is similar, if not often identical, to...

Answer 68

an IDE (Integrated Development Environment)