Chapter 8

Question 1

Identify the response that indicates the type of limitations, if any, on manipulation of the independent variable that might influence the researcher to select a non-experimental research design based on the following research question: Does the use of certain tampons cause toxic shock syndrome?

Answer 1

Ethical constraints limit manipulation.

Question 2

A researcher studying the strategies for breastfeeding mothers to use to reduce, prevent, and manage nipple pain is best described by which of the following types of design?

Answer 2

Descriptive

Question 3

Which of the following elements would a researcher expect to find in an experimental study?

Answer 3

Manipulation of the independent variable

Question 4

The purpose of a predictive correlation design is to predict the level of

Answer 4

the dependent variable versus the independent variables.

Question 5

When evaluating a correlational design, which of the following would be included?

Answer 5

Large sample
Sample representing all elements of the population
A wide range of values on each measure

Question 6

Control techniques are used in studies by researchers to increase which of the following?

Answer 6

Validity

Question 7

Identify the response that indicates the type of limitations, if any, on manipulation of the independent variable that might influence the researcher to select a nonexperimental research design based on the following research question: Does a nurse’s gender affect salary and rate of promotion?

Answer 7

Independent variable cannot be manipulated.

Question 8

Identify the response that indicates the type of limitations, if any, on manipulation of the independent variable that might influence the researcher to select a nonexperimental research design based on the following research question: Does assertiveness training affect psychiatric nurses’ job performance?

Answer 8

Manipulation is possible.

Question 9

What type of design validity is concerned with the fit between the conceptual and operational definitions of variables and that the instrument measures what it is supposed to in the study?

Answer 9

Construct validity

Question 10

Which of the following are requirements for an experimental study?

Answer 10

Control of the intervention
Random sampling
Control group

Question 11

Which of the following is considered the most powerful design a researcher can use to examine causality?

Answer 11

Experimental

Question 12

The nurse researcher understands that a type II error may occur because of which of the following?

Answer 12

Minimal controls
A small sample
Recently developed scales

Question 13

What is the purpose of replication studies?

Answer 13

To extend the generalizability of findings
To establish the credibility of findings
To decrease the acceptance of erroneous results

Question 14

The nurse researcher is attempting to identify the characteristics of a factorial design. Which of the following would be included in this design?

Answer 14

Two or more levels of a treatment

Question 15

The nurse researcher is explaining the purpose of control in a study design. This would include which of the following?

Answer 15

Increase the probability that the results are true to reality.

Question 16

When the nurse is critiquing a study, it is important to identify which of the following possible sources of bias?

Answer 16

Purposive sampling

Question 17

The research study has a threat to internal validity when which of the following occurs?

Answer 17

A valid rival hypothesis exists.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about cause is incorrect?

Answer 18

Most phenomena in nursing can be clearly pinned down to a single cause and a single effect.

Question 19

In a comparison group intervention in a study focused on pain management of migraine headache sufferers, which of the following should be included?

Answer 19

The standard treatment or protocol for migraine headaches

Question 20

Which of the following can be inferred from design validity?

Answer 20

Study integrity
Whether the study design tests the framework propositions
Presence of threats with serious biases

Question 21

Identify the response that indicates the type of limitations, if any, on manipulation of the independent variable that might influence the researcher to select a nonexperimental research design based on the following research question: Does the use of procedural touch by nursing staff affect patient morale?

Answer 21

Practical constraints limit manipulation.

Manipulation is possible.

Question 22

The research study has a type I error that may occur when which of the following occurs?

Answer 22

Researcher concludes that there are differences between groups when there is no difference.

Question 23

The statement that heart disease is caused by stress, high cholesterol, gene expression, and dietary patterns reflects which perspective?

Answer 23

Multicausality

Question 24

Which intervention should be included in research designs that test causality?

Answer 24

Carefully developed to provide the most effective treatment possible

Question 25

The nurse researcher understands that bias is a serious problem in a study because of its effect is to which of the following?

Answer 25

Distort the study findings