Chapter 4

Question 1

Match the description with the essential information considered when researchers obtain informed consent from potential participants. Prospective subjects should know the extent to which their responses and records will be kept confidential.

Answer 1

Competency to give consent

Question 2

A nurse was conducting a study of the lipid levels in a group of Hispanic women. All subjects were given the values of their lipids (high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and total cholesterol) and their cardiovascular (CV) risk level. This is an example of which of the following?

Answer 2

Benefits of the study

Question 3

Which of the following are parts of balancing benefits and risks for a study?

Answer 3

Assessing the benefits, risks, and maximizing the benefits of the study

Question 4

What type of scientific misconduct involves the intentional representation of the work or ideas of others as one’s own?

Answer 4

Plagiarism

Question 5

Match the description with the essential information considered when researchers obtain informed consent from potential participants. The researcher offers to answer any questions the prospective subjects may have.

Answer 5

Offer to answer questions

Question 6

Which ethical code or regulation had a major focus on differentiating therapeutic research from non therapeutic research?

Answer 6

Declaration of Helsinki

Question 7

Which of the following are essential element(s) of informed consent?

Answer 7

Competency to give consent
Comprehension of essential study information
Disclosure of essential information regarding the study

Question 8

When a subject’s identity cannot be linked, even by the researcher, with his or her individual response, this subject is said to have which of the following?

Answer 8

Anonymity

Question 9

A homeless person was offered $100 to participate as a subject in a study. Offering this large amount of money might be interpreted as which of the following?

Answer 9

Coercion

Question 10

Which of the following unethical studies involved the U.S. Public Health Service studying syphilis in African American men over a 40-year period?

Answer 10

Tuskegee Study

Question 11

In qualitative research, what is the primary reason for not identifying the subjects by name in the transcripts?

Answer 11

To protect the subjects from a breach of confidentiality

Question 12

Researchers exaggerated the number of subjects in their study and indicated that their sample size was 100 when it was only 50. This is an example of what type of scientific misconduct?

Answer 12

Fabrication or falsification of study steps

Question 13

Match the description with the essential information considered when researchers obtain informed consent from potential participants. Description of any benefits to the subjects or to other people or future patients that may reasonably be expected from the research:

Answer 13

Description of benefits

Question 14

Match the description with the essential information considered when researchers obtain informed consent from potential participants. Prospective subjects receive a complete description of the procedures to be followed and identification of any procedures that are experimental in the study.

Answer 14

Explanation of procedures

Question 15

A study that involved a chart review to obtain information about a patient’s smoking history, age, gender, and incidence of cardiovascular disease would usually require which of the following types of review by an institutional review board (IRB)?

Answer 15

Exempt from review

Question 16

Match the description with the essential information considered when researchers obtain informed consent from potential participants. Sharing descriptions of appropriate alternative procedures of courses of treatment with potential benefit to the subjects

Answer 16

Disclosure of alternatives

Question 17

Which of the following unethical studies involved deliberately infecting children with the hepatitis virus?

Answer 17

Willow brook study

Question 18

Subjects with diminished autonomy require what type of documentation of informed consent?

Answer 18

Formal written consent form

Question 19

A nurse is conducting a study of the effectiveness of a pain medication following surgery. The treatment group is given the pain medication and the comparison group is given a placebo pill. This is an example of which of the following?

Answer 19

Complete and/or incomplete disclosure

Question 20

Based on the Belmont Report ethical principles, which principle encourages the researcher to “do good and above all do no harm”?

Answer 20

Beneficence

Question 21

A study that requires a diabetic patient to do one more blood glucose level per day has what level of discomfort for the subject?

Answer 21

Temporary discomfort

Question 22

Which of the following potential research subjects have diminished autonomy and are incompetent to give informed consent?

Answer 22

Children

Question 23

A researcher desires to study the lived experience of recently incarcerated pregnant prisoners. This study would most likely require which level of review?

Answer 23

complete

Question 24

Mary Jane Smith is mentally retarded and has been asked to participate in a study. Her diminished autonomy must be managed if she is to participate in a study. This characteristic is directly linked to which of the following human rights?

Answer 24

Self-determination

Question 25

A researcher was collecting data on the sexual activities of a group of college students living in a dormitory on campus. The students were not aware that they were being studied. This is an example of which of the following?

Answer 25

Covert data collection