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A&P 1 Lab > Chapter 8 & 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 & 9 Flashcards

1. Function of the bones (skeletal system) 2. Classification of bones based on shape 3. Long bone general model description (text associated with figure 8.3) 4. Components of the osteon (text associated with figure 8.5) 5. Number of bones 6. Bone markings

1
Q

Which of the following tissues is not part of a bone as an organ?
a. dense connective
b. cartilage
c. muscle
d. blood

A

muscle

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2
Q

The organic matter of living bone includes
a. calcium phosphate
b. collagen fibers
c. calcium carbonate
d. magnesium fluoride

A

collagen fibers

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3
Q

The ______ is an example of a sesamoid bone
a. vertebra
b. femur
c. carpal
d. patella

A

patella

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4
Q

The epiphyseal plate represents the
a. ends of the epiphyses
b. shaft between the epiphyses
c. growth zone of hyaline cartilage
d. membrane around a bone

A

growth zone of hyaline cartilage

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5
Q

The central canal of a bone osten contains
a. blood vessels and nerves
b. osteocytes
c. red bone marrow
d. yellow bone marrow

A

blood vessels and nerves

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6
Q

A ____ is an example of an irregular bone
a. femure
b. carpal
c. rib
d. vertebra

A

vertebra

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7
Q

A femur includes both compact and spongy bone tissues
true or false

A

true

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8
Q

Chicken bones, with both organic and inorganic components, possess the quality of tensile strength
true or false

A

true

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9
Q

Trabeculae are structural characteristics of compact bone
true or false

A

false

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10
Q

Bone an organ of the skeletal system composed of what tissues

A

Variety; bone (osseous tissue), cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood and nervous tissue

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11
Q

What is the extracellular matrix of the bone consisted of

A

One-third organic matter and two-thirds inorganic matter.
Organic Matter: Collagen ; flexibility and strength
Inorganic Matter: Hydroxyapatite ; mainly salt crystals with calcium phosphate (small amounts of calcium carbonate ions of Mg, Flouride, sodium)

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12
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Help form bone

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13
Q

How are osteocytes formed and what do they do?

A

Osteoblasts are formed into ostecytes, and osteocytes are vital to bone homeostasis,

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14
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Osteoclasts dissove bone to release calcium salts

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15
Q

What are essential in remodeling the bone, as they deposit and release minerals in bone?

A

Osteblasts and osteoclasts

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16
Q

What can bones be classified as?

A

Long, short, flat and irregular

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17
Q

Long Bones

A

Longer than they are wide

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18
Q

Short bones

A

Cube shaped, similar lengths and wdiths

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19
Q

Sesamoid bone

A

Special type of short bone, small and embedded within a tendon near joints
Example; Patella

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20
Q

Flat Bones

A

Wide surfaces, sometimes curved
Example; Cranium

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21
Q

Irregular Bones

A

Numerous shapes and sizes, and articulations with one or more bone.

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22
Q

What type of bones are these: femure; humerus;phalanges

A

long bones

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23
Q

what type of bones are these:
carpals; tarsals; sesamoid bones

A

short

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24
Q
A
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25
Q

what types of bones are these:
ribs; scapula; sternum; most cranial bones

A

flat bones

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26
Q

what types of bones are these:
vertebra; some bones in the face (sphenoid)

A

irregular

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27
Q

Refer to figure 8.1
Can you identify the:
- The Epiphyseal Plates
- Long Bone (Phalanx)
- Proxial Epiphysis
- Long Bone (metacarpal)
- Short Bone (carpal)
- Distal Epiphysis
- Long Bone (ulna)

A

Refer to figure 8.2
Can you identify:
- Proximal Epiphysis
- Diaphysis
- Distal Epiphysis
- Epiphyseal Lines (former plates)
- Red Bone Marrow
- Compact Bone
- Yellow Bone Marrow
- Periosteum
- Endosteum Location
- Medullary (marrow) cavity
- Spongy Bone
- Epiphyseal Line

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28
Q

osteon (haversian system)

A

cylinder-shaped unit of compact bone

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29
Q

central canal (haversian canal; osteonic canal)

A

contains blood vessels and nerves

30
Q

conecntric lamella

A

concentric ring of matrix around central canal of osteon

31
Q

interstitial lamella

A

matrix between osteons composed of the remains of old osteons

32
Q

lacuna

A

small chamber for an osteocyte

33
Q

bone extracellular matrix

A

collagen and calcium phosphate

34
Q

canaliculus

A

minute tube containing cellular process

35
Q

perforating (Volkmann) canal

A

runs perpendicular to central canal, contains blood vessel and nerves

36
Q

What is located in the spaces of bones and what does it do?

A

Bone marrow is located in the spaces, red bone marrow is very prevalent in children and produces red and white blood cells along with platelets, As they mature into adults, the red bone marrow becomes a fatty yellow bone marrow which holds fat as a form of energy.

37
Q

Refer to figure 8.4 and identify
-Spongy Bone
- Compact Bone
- Trabeculae
- Perforating (Volkmann) Canal
- Periosteum
- Osteon
- Central Canal
- Concentric Lamella
- Lacuna with osteocyte
- Blood Vessels
- nerves
- Interstitial Lamella
- Circumferential Lamella
- Inside the Lacuna (Osteocyte, canaliculus with cellular process, and bone extracellular matrix)

A

test it

38
Q

Refer to figure 8.5 identify:
- Osteon
- Lamella
- Bone extracellular matrix
- Central Canal
- Lacuna (occupied by osteocyte in living bone)
- Canaliculi

8b.
- Marrow cavity of spongy bone
- Tracebula of spongy bone

A

test yourself

39
Q

True or False:
Compact bone has two layers with spongy bone in the middle

A

True (For skull bones)

40
Q

The vertebral does not include a:
a. rib
b. vertebra
c. sacrum
d. coccyx

A

rib

41
Q

The ____ bone is part of the pectoral girdle
a. humerus
b. sternum
c. rib
d. scapula

A

scapula, clavicle

42
Q

A ______ is a very large projection on a bone
a. fossa
b. tubercle
c. trochanter
d. facet

A

trochanter

43
Q

A ____ is a shallow depression on a bone

A

fossa

44
Q

Bones that might form in the skull, but are not considered in the total number, are
a. cartilaginous bones
b. sutural bones
c. middle ear bones
d. sesamoid bones

A

sutural bones

45
Q

The ________ is a bone in the upper limb

A

ulna

46
Q

A bone in the lower limb is:
a. hip bone
b. radius
c. humerus
d. femur

A

femur

47
Q

A ______ is a depression type of bone featuring (bone marking)
a. foramen
b. crest
c. sulcus
d. tuberosity

A

sulcus

48
Q

The bones of the skull, face, neck, and trunk make up the appendicular skeleton
True or False

A

False

49
Q

What is a spinous process?
Name them all

A

spikey upwards elevation/projection process for bone markings
– spine
- process
- eminence
- trochanter
- tuberosity
- crest
- protuberance

50
Q

What is a tubercle and name them all?

A

Round upwards elevation/projection process bone marking

51
Q

What is a sulcus and name them all

A

spikey downwards depression bone marking
- sulcus
- fissure

52
Q

What is a fossa and name them all?

A

Round depression downwards bone marking
- fossa
- fovea

53
Q

What bone markings allow a pathway?

A
  • foramen (round)
  • canal
  • meatus
  • facet (flat)
54
Q

Name parts of axial skeleton and how many bones each part has:

A

skull
- cranium (8)
- face (14)
middle ear bone (6)
hyoid bone - supports tongue (1)
vertebral column
- vertebra (24)
- sacrum (1)
- coccyx (1)
thoracic cage
- rib (24)
- sternum (1)

55
Q

Name all parts of appendicular skeleton and how many bones each part has:

A

pectoral girdle
- scapula (2)
- clavicle (2)
upper limbs
- humerus (2)
- radius (2)
- ulna (2)
- carpal (16)
- metacarpal (10)
- phalanx (28)
pelvic girdle
- hip bone (coxal bone; os coxa; pelvic bone; innominate bone) (2)
lower limbs
- femur (2)
- tibia (2)
- fibula (2)
- patella (2)
- tarsal (14)
- metatarsal (10)
- phalanx (28)

56
Q

Name the 4 types of bone markings and describe them:

A

Projections : Sites for tendon and ligament attachment
Articulations: Where bones connect at a joint or articulate with each other
Depression: Recessed areas in bones
Openings: open spaces in bones

57
Q

Name all projections:

A

crest - ridgelike
epicondyle - superior to condyle
line (linea) - slightly raised ridge
process - prominent
protuberance - outgrowth
spine - thornlike
trochanter - large; located on femur bone
tubercle - small, knoblike
tuberosity - rough elevation

58
Q

Name all articulations and describe them:

A

condyle - rounded process
facet - nearly flat
head - expanded end

59
Q

Name all depressions and describe them

A

alveolus - socket
fossa - shallow basin
fovea - tiny pit
notch - indentation on edge
sulcus - narrow groove

60
Q

Name all openings and describe them:

A

canal - tubular passage
fissure - slit
foramen - hole
meatus - tubelike opening
sinus - cavity

61
Q

Refer to figure 9.1 can you identify anterior/posterior view and:
- Cranial Bones
- Facial Bones
- Skull
- Clavicle
- Scapula
- Sternum
- Ribs
- Humerus
- Vertebrae
- Radius
- Ulna
- Hip Bone
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
- Carpals
- Metacarpals
- Phalanges
- Femur
- Patella
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Tarsals
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges (in foot)

A

test yourself

62
Q

Can you tell the difference of the skull for Skull
Lateral View
Anterior View
Superior View
Inferior View

A

test yourself

63
Q

In the skull can you identify bone markings:
Lateral View:
- Meatus
- Process
- Ramus
- Alveolus
- Protuberance
- Sinuses
Anterior View:
- Fissures
Superior View:
- Fossa
- Canal
- Foramen
- Foramen (foramen magnum)
- Fossa

A

test yourself

64
Q

Scapula bone markings

A

Process
Spine
Fossae

65
Q

Hip bone bone markings

A
  • Crest
  • Line
  • Notch
  • Spine
  • Notch
  • Tuberosity
  • Foramen (obturator foramen)
  • Tubercle
  • Ramus
66
Q

Thoracic vertebra bone markings

A
  • Process
  • Foramen
  • Facets
67
Q

Femur bone markings

A
  • Fovea
  • Head
  • Trochanters
  • Line
  • Epicondyles
  • Condyles
67
Q

Humerus bone markings

A
  • Tubercles
  • head
  • Sulcus
  • Tuberosity
  • Fossa
  • Condyle
68
Q
A
68
Q
A

A&P 1 Lab (7 decks)

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