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A&P 1 Lab > Chapter 8 & 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 & 9 Flashcards

1. Function of the bones (skeletal system) 2. Classification of bones based on shape 3. Long bone general model description (text associated with figure 8.3) 4. Components of the osteon (text associated with figure 8.5) 5. Number of bones 6. Bone markings

1
Q

Which of the following tissues is not part of a bone as an organ?
a. dense connective
b. cartilage
c. muscle
d. blood

A

muscle

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2
Q

The organic matter of living bone includes
a. calcium phosphate
b. collagen fibers
c. calcium carbonate
d. magnesium fluoride

A

collagen fibers

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3
Q

The ______ is an example of a sesamoid bone
a. vertebra
b. femur
c. carpal
d. patella

A

patella

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4
Q

The epiphyseal plate represents the
a. ends of the epiphyses
b. shaft between the epiphyses
c. growth zone of hyaline cartilage
d. membrane around a bone

A

growth zone of hyaline cartilage

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5
Q

The central canal of a bone osten contains
a. blood vessels and nerves
b. osteocytes
c. red bone marrow
d. yellow bone marrow

A

blood vessels and nerves

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6
Q

A ____ is an example of an irregular bone
a. femure
b. carpal
c. rib
d. vertebra

A

vertebra

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7
Q

A femur includes both compact and spongy bone tissues
true or false

A

true

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8
Q

Chicken bones, with both organic and inorganic components, possess the quality of tensile strength
true or false

A

true

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9
Q

Trabeculae are structural characteristics of compact bone
true or false

A

false

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10
Q

Bone an organ of the skeletal system composed of what tissues

A

Variety; bone (osseous tissue), cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood and nervous tissue

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11
Q

What is the extracellular matrix of the bone consisted of

A

One-third organic matter and two-thirds inorganic matter.
Organic Matter: Collagen ; flexibility and strength
Inorganic Matter: Hydroxyapatite ; mainly salt crystals with calcium phosphate (small amounts of calcium carbonate ions of Mg, Flouride, sodium)

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12
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Help form bone

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13
Q

How are osteocytes formed and what do they do?

A

Osteoblasts are formed into ostecytes, and osteocytes are vital to bone homeostasis,

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14
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Osteoclasts dissove bone to release calcium salts

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15
Q

What are essential in remodeling the bone, as they deposit and release minerals in bone?

A

Osteblasts and osteoclasts

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16
Q

What can bones be classified as?

A

Long, short, flat and irregular

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17
Q

Long Bones

A

Longer than they are wide

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18
Q

Short bones

A

Cube shaped, similar lengths and wdiths

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19
Q

Sesamoid bone

A

Special type of short bone, small and embedded within a tendon near joints
Example; Patella

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20
Q

Flat Bones

A

Wide surfaces, sometimes curved
Example; Cranium

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21
Q

Irregular Bones

A

Numerous shapes and sizes, and articulations with one or more bone.

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22
Q

What type of bones are these: femure; humerus;phalanges

A

long bones

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23
Q

what type of bones are these:
carpals; tarsals; sesamoid bones

A

short

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24
Q
A
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25
what types of bones are these: ribs; scapula; sternum; most cranial bones
flat bones
26
what types of bones are these: vertebra; some bones in the face (sphenoid)
irregular
27
Refer to figure 8.1 Can you identify the: - The Epiphyseal Plates - Long Bone (Phalanx) - Proxial Epiphysis - Long Bone (metacarpal) - Short Bone (carpal) - Distal Epiphysis - Long Bone (ulna)
Refer to figure 8.2 Can you identify: - Proximal Epiphysis - Diaphysis - Distal Epiphysis - Epiphyseal Lines (former plates) - Red Bone Marrow - Compact Bone - Yellow Bone Marrow - Periosteum - Endosteum Location - Medullary (marrow) cavity - Spongy Bone - Epiphyseal Line
28
osteon (haversian system)
cylinder-shaped unit of compact bone
29
central canal (haversian canal; osteonic canal)
contains blood vessels and nerves
30
conecntric lamella
concentric ring of matrix around central canal of osteon
31
interstitial lamella
matrix between osteons composed of the remains of old osteons
32
lacuna
small chamber for an osteocyte
33
bone extracellular matrix
collagen and calcium phosphate
34
canaliculus
minute tube containing cellular process
35
perforating (Volkmann) canal
runs perpendicular to central canal, contains blood vessel and nerves
36
What is located in the spaces of bones and what does it do?
Bone marrow is located in the spaces, red bone marrow is very prevalent in children and produces red and white blood cells along with platelets, As they mature into adults, the red bone marrow becomes a fatty yellow bone marrow which holds fat as a form of energy.
37
Refer to figure 8.4 and identify -Spongy Bone - Compact Bone - Trabeculae - Perforating (Volkmann) Canal - Periosteum - Osteon - Central Canal - Concentric Lamella - Lacuna with osteocyte - Blood Vessels - nerves - Interstitial Lamella - Circumferential Lamella - Inside the Lacuna (Osteocyte, canaliculus with cellular process, and bone extracellular matrix)
test it
38
Refer to figure 8.5 identify: - Osteon - Lamella - Bone extracellular matrix - Central Canal - Lacuna (occupied by osteocyte in living bone) - Canaliculi 8b. - Marrow cavity of spongy bone - Tracebula of spongy bone
test yourself
39
True or False: Compact bone has two layers with spongy bone in the middle
True (For skull bones)
40
The vertebral does not include a: a. rib b. vertebra c. sacrum d. coccyx
rib
41
The ____ bone is part of the pectoral girdle a. humerus b. sternum c. rib d. scapula
scapula, clavicle
42
A ______ is a very large projection on a bone a. fossa b. tubercle c. trochanter d. facet
trochanter
43
A ____ is a shallow depression on a bone
fossa
44
Bones that might form in the skull, but are not considered in the total number, are a. cartilaginous bones b. sutural bones c. middle ear bones d. sesamoid bones
sutural bones
45
The ________ is a bone in the upper limb
ulna
46
A bone in the lower limb is: a. hip bone b. radius c. humerus d. femur
femur
47
A ______ is a depression type of bone featuring (bone marking) a. foramen b. crest c. sulcus d. tuberosity
sulcus
48
The bones of the skull, face, neck, and trunk make up the appendicular skeleton True or False
False
49
What is a spinous process? Name them all
spikey upwards elevation/projection process for bone markings -- spine - process - eminence - trochanter - tuberosity - crest - protuberance
50
What is a tubercle and name them all?
Round upwards elevation/projection process bone marking
51
What is a sulcus and name them all
spikey downwards depression bone marking - sulcus - fissure
52
What is a fossa and name them all?
Round depression downwards bone marking - fossa - fovea
53
What bone markings allow a pathway?
- foramen (round) - canal - meatus - facet (flat)
54
Name parts of axial skeleton and how many bones each part has:
skull - cranium (8) - face (14) middle ear bone (6) hyoid bone - supports tongue (1) vertebral column - vertebra (24) - sacrum (1) - coccyx (1) thoracic cage - rib (24) - sternum (1)
55
Name all parts of appendicular skeleton and how many bones each part has:
pectoral girdle - scapula (2) - clavicle (2) upper limbs - humerus (2) - radius (2) - ulna (2) - carpal (16) - metacarpal (10) - phalanx (28) pelvic girdle - hip bone (coxal bone; os coxa; pelvic bone; innominate bone) (2) lower limbs - femur (2) - tibia (2) - fibula (2) - patella (2) - tarsal (14) - metatarsal (10) - phalanx (28)
56
Name the 4 types of bone markings and describe them:
Projections : Sites for tendon and ligament attachment Articulations: Where bones connect at a joint or articulate with each other Depression: Recessed areas in bones Openings: open spaces in bones
57
Name all projections:
crest - ridgelike epicondyle - superior to condyle line (linea) - slightly raised ridge process - prominent protuberance - outgrowth spine - thornlike trochanter - large; located on femur bone tubercle - small, knoblike tuberosity - rough elevation
58
Name all articulations and describe them:
condyle - rounded process facet - nearly flat head - expanded end
59
Name all depressions and describe them
alveolus - socket fossa - shallow basin fovea - tiny pit notch - indentation on edge sulcus - narrow groove
60
Name all openings and describe them:
canal - tubular passage fissure - slit foramen - hole meatus - tubelike opening sinus - cavity
61
Refer to figure 9.1 can you identify anterior/posterior view and: - Cranial Bones - Facial Bones - Skull - Clavicle - Scapula - Sternum - Ribs - Humerus - Vertebrae - Radius - Ulna - Hip Bone - Sacrum - Coccyx - Carpals - Metacarpals - Phalanges - Femur - Patella - Tibia - Fibula - Tarsals - Metatarsals - Phalanges (in foot)
test yourself
62
Can you tell the difference of the skull for Skull Lateral View Anterior View Superior View Inferior View
test yourself
63
In the skull can you identify bone markings: Lateral View: - Meatus - Process - Ramus - Alveolus - Protuberance - Sinuses Anterior View: - Fissures Superior View: - Fossa - Canal - Foramen - Foramen (foramen magnum) - Fossa
test yourself
64
Scapula bone markings
Process Spine Fossae
65
Hip bone bone markings
- Crest - Line - Notch - Spine - Notch - Tuberosity - Foramen (obturator foramen) - Tubercle - Ramus
66
Thoracic vertebra bone markings
- Process - Foramen - Facets
67
Femur bone markings
- Fovea - Head - Trochanters - Line - Epicondyles - Condyles
67
Humerus bone markings
- Tubercles - head - Sulcus - Tuberosity - Fossa - Condyle
68
68

A&P 1 Lab (7 decks)

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