Chapter 10, 11, 12, 13 Flashcards
Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic Cage, Skull, Appendicular and Axial Skeleton
The _____ is a skull bone that is not interlocked along sutures
a. mandible
b. maxilla
c. temporal bone
d. occipital bone
mandible
Sinuses include all of the following functions except:
a. warming and humidifying the air during breathing
b. providing resonance to our voices
c. making the skull lighter
d. attachment sites for muscles
attachment sites for muscles
The _____ bone serves for tongue and larynx muscle attachments
a. mandible
b. maxilla
c. hyoid
d. temporal
hyoid
Which of the following is a facial bone?
a. sphenoid bone
b. nasal bone
c. ethmoid bone
d. frontal bone
nasal bone
The ______ suture is located between the two parietal bones
a. squamous
b. sagittal
c. coronal
d. lambdoid
sagittal
The two bones that make up the nasal septum are the:
a. vomer and ethmoid
b. sphenoid and maxilla
c. nasal and lacrimal
d. zygomatic and temporal
vomer and ethmoid
The mastoid process, jugular foramen, and the external acoustic meatures are features of the ______ bone
a. occipital
b. maxillary
c. tamporal
d. ethmoid
occipital
A(n) _____ lightens the skull and acts to warm and humidify the air:
a. nasal septum
b. paranasal sinus
c. auditory ossicle
d. suture
nasal septum
True or False:
Foramina, canals, and fissures serve as passageways for blood vessels and nerves
True
True or False:
The jugular foramen is larger than the foramen magnum
True
How many bones in human skull
22
What are bones called located within the temporal bone?
auditory ossicles (middle ear bones)
including:
- malleus
- incus
- stapes
What is the hyoid bone and where is it located?
In front of your neck, and supports your tongue connected to other structures via ligaments, muscle and cartilage
Skull:
How many bones in the skull;
What are the 2 parts of the skull;
In those 2 parts how many bones in each part;
What makes up those 2 parts, and identify how many of each.
22 Bones
Cranial & Facial Bones
8 Cranial Bones, 14 Facial Bones
Cranial (8): 1 frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temportal, 1 occipital, 1 sphenoid/al, and 1 ethmoid/al
Facial (14): 2 maxillary, 2 zygomatic, 2 lacrimal, 2 nasal, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 2 palatine bones, 1 mandible, 1 vomer
Refer to figure 10.1, can you identify:
What view is it? Anterior/Superior…
- Frontal Bone
- Parietal Bone
- Superior orbital fissure
- Lacrimal Bone
- Nasal Bone
- Middle nasal concha
- Perpendicular plate
- Infraorbital foramen
- Vomer bone
- Mandible
- Mental protuberance (symphysis)
- Superaorbital foramen
- Sphenoid bone
- Temporal Bone
- Ethmoid bone
- Inferior orbital fissure
- Zygomatic bone
- Inferior nasal concha
- Maxilla
- Alveolar processes
- Mental foramen
test yourself
Refer to figure 10.2
Can you identify:
The view of the skull?
- Parietal Bone
- Lambdoid suture
- Occipital bone
- Squamous suture
- Temporal bone
- Zygomatic process
- Mandibular fossa
- External acoustic meatus
- Mastoid process
- Styloid process
- Mandibular condyle
- Coronoid process
- Coronal suture
- Frontal bone
- Sphenoid bone (greater wing)
- Ethmoid bone
- Nasal Bone
- Lacrimal bone
- Infraorbital foramen
- Zygomatic bone
- Maxilla
- Temporal process
- Alveolar processes
- Mental foramen
- Mandible
test yourself
What are sutures?
Fibrous joints that connect the bones of the skull
What bones are separated from each other by these sutures?
Frontal/squamous/lamboid/sagittal
Frontal Suture
- Separates frontal bone from 2 parietal bones
Squamous Suture:
- Separates the parietal bone from temporal bone
Lamboid Suture:
- Separates the occipital bone from the 2 parietal bones
Sagittal Suture:
- Separates the 2 parietal bones along the midline of the skull
Can you identify:
Midline, anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossae?
test yourself
part of frontal bone:
Supraorbital foramen (notch)
part of temporal bone:
- internal and external auditory meatus/canal
- mastoid process
- mandibular fossa
- styloid process
part of occipital bone:
- foramen magnum
- occipital condyle
part of sphenoidal bone:
- hyophyseal fossa of the sella turcica
- lesser and greater wings
- optic foramen
part of ethmoidal bone:
cristal galli, cribriform plate
part of maxilla
infraorbital foramen
What are additional foramina and what are some.
holes or openings
ex;
- rotundum
- ovale
- spinosum
- lacerum (located on sphenoidal bone)
- jugular foramen
parts of the orbit:
- supra and infraorbital fissues (aso called superior and inferior orbital fissures)
- optic foramen/canal
- hard palate: palatine bone and maxilla
part of nasal cavity
- nasal bones
- ethmoid/al bone
- vomer
- inferior nasal concha
- maxilla (vomer & ethmoid bone = nasal septum)
find the hyoid bone
google it
parts of mandible
- mandibular condyle/condylar process
- coronoid process
- mental foramen
- mandibular foramen
- ramus
- body of the mandible
parts of paranasal sinuses:
- maxillary
- sphenoid
- ethmoid
- frontal
parts of vertebral column:
- cervical (7)
- thoracic (12)
- lumbar (5)
- sacral (fused from 5)
- coccyx (fused from 4)
C1 =
atlast
C2 =
Axis
for C1 and C2, identify both vertebrae and dens of ais
C1 (Atlas):
The atlas is the first cervical vertebra.
It lacks a body and spinous process.
Instead, it has large lateral masses that support the skull.
The atlas has an anterior and posterior arch and a large vertebral foramen.
It articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull, allowing for the nodding “yes” motion (flexion and extension).
C2 (Axis):
The axis is the second cervical vertebra.
It has a unique feature called the dens (also called the odontoid process), which is a peg-like projection extending upward from the body of the axis.
The dens fits into the anterior arch of the atlas and is held in place by the transverse ligament.
This pivot joint between the dens of C2 and C1 allows for the “no” motion (rotation) of the head.
Dens of Axis (C2):
The dens is critical for head rotation.
It acts as a pivot point for the atlas and the skull to rotate around the axis.
In summary, the atlas (C1) supports the skull and permits nodding movements, while the axis (C2), with its dens, allows for rotational movements.
What are the parts of a general vertebra model:
&
Identify these parts ONLY on thoracic vertabra (APR video)
- body/centrum
- vertebral foramen
- spinous process
- transverse process
- pedicle (between the body and transverse process)
- lamina (between the transverse and spinous process)
- superior and inferior articulating processes and facets
Differentiate between cervical/thoracic and lumbar vertebrae (body and shape of vertebral foramen; cervical: rat, thoracic: giraffe, lumbar: moose)
ill do this later…
parts of sacrum
sacral foramina, medial (or median) sacral crest, sacral hiatusm and identify the coccyx
parts of sternum:
3 MAJOR PARTS:
- Manubrium
- Gladiolus (Body or Centrum)
- Xiphoid Process
parts of ribs and difference between false and true ribs:
note its in pairs
12 total
- 7 true ribs
- 5 false ribs
- 2 floating ribs
(floating is apart of the false)
True Ribs: Costal cartilage articulates anteriorly directly with the sternum
- simply put; True ribs direclty connect to sternum
False Ribs: Do not articulate directly with the sternum
- simply put false ribs connect to sternum via cartilage
how many bones are in the appendicular skeleton
126
can you identify where the pectoral girdle is and the parts?
parts:
- scapula
- clavicle
can you identify where the clavicle is
test yourself
can you identify where the scapula is and the parts?
parts:
- subscapular fossa
- supraspinous fossa
- infraspinous fossa
- glenoid cavity (glenoid fossa)
- acromion
- coracoid
- spine of the scapula
can you identify where the humerus is and the parts of it:
parts:
- greater tubercle
- lesser tubercle
- trochlea (can be seen in anterior and posterior)
- capitulum (only anterior)
- head of the humerus
- olecranon fossa
can you identify where the radius is and parts of it
- head of radius
can you identify where the ulna is and parts of it
trochlear notch
Distinguish
- Carpal bones
- metacarpal bones
- phalanges
how many in each
Carpal bones (8)
Metacarpal bones (5)
phalanges (14)
can you identify where the carpal bones are and parts of it
- hanmate (has a hook)
- capitate (largest)
- trapezoid
- trapezium (joint with thumb)
- triquetrum
- pisiform (articules only with the triquetrum
- lunate
- scaphoid (most likely to break in children)
- pisiform visible only in anterior view
can you identify where the pelvic girdle is and parts of it
- coxal bones (os coxae)
Difference between male and female pelvis
Main thing i remembered from class:
Male: Narrower, V-Shaped (below 80-90 degrees)
Female, Wider, U-Shaped (around 80-90 degrees)
identify where the coxal bone is and it’s parts:
main 3:
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
additional parts:
- obturator foramen
- pubic symphysis
- anterior superior iliac spine
- acetabulum (acetabular fossa)
- iliac fossa (body of the ilium)
identify where the femur is and parts of the femur
- head of femur
- fovea capitis
- greater trochanter
- lessen trochanter
- medial epicondyle
- lateral epicondyle
- medial condyle
- lateral condyle
- patellar surface
i
identify where the patella is
go look
identify where the tibia is and parts of it
- tibial tuberosity
- medial malleolus
- medial and lateral condyle(s)
- medial malleolus
- inner/internal ankle
identify where the fibula is
says something about
lateral malleolus = outer/external ankle
distinguish the difference between:
- tarsal bones
- metatarsal bones
- phalanges
(how many in each)
in ONE foot:
- tarsal bones (7)
- metatarsal bones (5)
- phalanes ; proimal-middle-distal ; (14)
identify parts of tarsal bones
- talus
- calcaneus
- cuboid
- navicular
- medial-intermediate-lateral cuneiform
