Chapter 8 Flashcards by Tyler P

As a result of a 1993 civil case, this test was created:

a. Long
b. Daubert
c. Dillion
d. Felton

b. daubert

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Application of science to the law is:

a. Scientology
b. Scientific process
c. Forensic science
d. Applied science

c. forensic science

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This test determines whether a specific forensic science will be allowed in the courtroom.

a. Felton
b. Frye
c. Daubert
d. Dillion

b. frye

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This research branch of forensic science as applied through the U.S. Department of Justice focuses on the detection and identification of poisonous substances:

a. General toxicology
b. Trace evidence
c. Controlled substances
d. Impression evidence

a. general toxicology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This research branch of forensic science as applied through the U.S. Department of Justice focuses on examining hair, fibers, paint, glass, and other evidence:

a. General toxicology
b. Trace evidence
c. Controlled substances
d. Impression evidence

b. trace evidence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This research branch of forensic science as applied through the U.S. Department of Justice focuses on examining prints left by the human body:

a. General toxicology
b. Trace evidence
c. Controlled substances
d. Impression evidence

d. impression evidence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This research branch of forensic science as applied through the U.S. Department of Justice focuses on the analysis of drugs including alcohol:

a. General toxicology
b. Trace evidence
c. Controlled substances
d. Impression evidence

c. controlled substances

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Currently there is approximately this number of publicly organized and funded crime labs that operate within the United States:

a. 100
b. 200
c. 300
d. 400

d. 400

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This type of test/analysis conducted by the crime lab focuses on chemical reagents that are applied to the suspected evidence:

a. Microscopic
b. Color
c. Chromatography
d. Mass spectrometry

b. color

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This type of test/analysis conducted by the crime lab is used together with gas chromatography:

a. Microscopic
b. Color
c. Chromatography
d. Mass spectrometry

d. mass spectometry

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This type of test/analysis conducted by the crime lab tests bodily fluids by testing for the presence of proteins and enzymes:

a. Microscopic
b. Color
c. Chromatography
d. Biological

b. biological

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This study focuses on the effects, both physical and behavioral, that poisons have on the body:

a. Chromatography
b. Toxicology
c. Forensic science
d. DNA

b. toxicology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This lab analyzes blood stains and performs blood testing:

a. Chromatography
b. Toxicology
c. Serology
d. DNA

c. serology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab exams for suspected arson fires focus primarily on identifying:

a. Preblast
b. Explosives
c. Accelerants
d. Devices

c. accelerants

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The National Integrated Ballistic Information Network is operated by:

a. FBI
b. CIA
c. ATF
d. DEA

ATF

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

DNA is said to be a person’s genetic:

a. Stamp
b. Fingerprint
c. Identifier
d. Blueprint

b. fingerprint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PCR, the method of choice in a crime lab focusing on DNA, is better known as polymerase chain:

a. Reasoning
b. Reaction
c. Rationalization
d. Reflection

b. reaction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The DNA database is:

a. COMIS
b. DOCUS
c. CODIS
d. DIOCS

c. CODIS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

IP as it relates to DNA testing to prove the innocence of someone stands for:

a. Innocence Prospect
b. Insurance Project
c. Innocence Project
d. Insurance Prospect

c. innocence project

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Even without passing a legal test, a particular piece of forensic science can still be recognized by law.

a. True
b. False

b. false

- must pass either Frye or Daubert test

Few states operate under the Frye test, or a modified version of it, to determine whether a specific forensic science will be permitted in the courtroom and its resulting evidence heard by a
jury.
a. True
b. False

b. false

- most states use Frye test…Feds use Daubert test

For any science to be recognized by a court as a legitimate forensic science it must be generally accepted by the general acceptance standard.

a. True
b. False

a. true

If poisoning is suspected, the most valuable information that an investigator can provide to the
toxicological lab is the type of poison that an individual is believed to have ingested.
a. True
b. False

a. true

Toxicology sections are concerned only with the various physical effects that poisons have on the body.

a. True
b. False

b. false
(concerned with various effects (physical and behavioral)
- also does DUI cases

Abnormal quantities of various prescription medications suggest suicide because such lethal combinations of drugs certainly could not be taken accidentally. a. True b. False

a. true

The most comprehensive training in fingerprint analysis is administered by the FBI crime lab, where potential examiners must undergo 6 months of formal training and an apprenticeship. a. True b. False

b. false | - they do 2 YRS of formal training

IAFIS (Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System) was initiated in the 1970s by the FBI as the nation’s first computerized fingerprint database with search capabilities. a. True b. False

b. false - this is just called AFIS - IAFIS is larger and can search national felons (AFIS only does local and regional felons)..began in 1999

Before a latent print match identified by an automated search is presented as evidence, the fingerprint examiner must visually examine the computer-generated points of identification to confirm that each point identified by the software is accurate. a. True b. False

a. true

The analysis of explosives can be highly hazardous, but labs will accept explosives as crime scene evidence and rendered safe to handle. a. True b. False

b. false | - won't accept explosives UNTIL it has been rendered safe to handle.

The serology lab section analyzes blood stains, performs blood testing, and performs examinations of bodily fluids such as semen, sweat, and saliva. a. True b. False

a. true

Hairs, fibers, glass fragments, paint chips, and other materials in minute sizes typically are analyzed in the trace evidence section. a. True b. False

a. true

Epithelial tissues are located within mucus membranes that break away and are deposited in bodily fluids—which in turn are deposited on persons, surfaces, and objects recovered as evidence. a. True b. False

a. true

The American Society of Crime ________ Directors performs site visits of their accredited crime labs.

laboratory

________ profiling is predicting criminal and lifestyle patterns.

criminal

_________ assessments perform tests to determine whether witnesses, suspects, or victims are mentally competent to testify or confess.

competency

________ techniques provide consultation regarding the most effective ways to obtain accurate and voluntary statements.

interviewing

Forensic _________ is the study of insects as applied to criminal matters.

entomology

Forensic ___________ help investigators with remains that are decomposed, burned, or dismembered.

anthropologists

Natural, accidental, suicidal, homicidal, and undetermined are manners of ______.

death

Forensic __________ is performed by specialized medical doctors who investigate causes of death.

pathology

The FBI’s nationwide DNA database is called ________.

CODIS

A specific location on the DNA strand possessing STR repeating sequences is known as an _______.

allele

With regards to the examination and testing procedures, crime labs have two primary goals. There are four procedures to carry out these goals. Identify both goal and the four procedures.

Goals—to identify physical evidence and to determine its origin. Procedures— searching for and locating the evidence to be analyzed, performing a presumptive test, performing a confirmatory test, and reporting the results.

4 types of blood (classifications)

O, A, B, AB

Discuss ACE-V principle for examining prints

A- Analysis, C - compare, E - evaluate (positive, negative or inconclusive match) V- Verification (2nd examiner to look at it all)

nDNA

known as DNA, most specific, gets individualized result

mtDNA

used when not enough nDNA, ...best used for bones/teeth, creates: class evidence, exclusions of sp(s) and missing persons

how many tests does FBI do on nDNA to confirm accuracy?