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DET book > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Residue prints can be created when dirt, dust, paint oil, grease, or blood is transferred from an object such as a shoe to a floor, chair, counter, or other hard surface.

a. True
b. False

A

A. True

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2
Q

Physical Evidence (5) categories and examples
T.F.B.I.D —-> F
(The Fat Boy Is Dead)

A

Firearms and Weapons Evidence: Includes the identification of specific types of guns, rifles, shotguns,
ammunition, knives, and specialized devices used as weapons.

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3
Q

Sections of glass can be examined for _____ lines or rib ______.

A
  1. Wallner 2. Marks
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4
Q

When a piece of evidence is unknown, it is referred to as:

a. Unknown evidence
b. Questioned evidence
c. Unusual evidence
d. Unrelated evidence

A

B. Questioned Evidence

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5
Q

Dental features unique to each individual are considered a dental __________.

A

fingerprint

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6
Q

Identification of items such as handguns, rifles, and ammunition are considered:

a. Firearms and weapon evidence
b. Trace evidence
c. Impression evidence
d. Biological evidence

A

A. Firearms and weapon evidence

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7
Q

Reference samples consist of materials taken from a verifiable source, which, when compared
with evidence of an unknown source, show an association between the crime scene and/or the
offender(s) and victim(s)
a. True
b. False

A

A. True

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8
Q

________ fractures form a spoke-like pattern. (Glass evidence)

A

Radial

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9
Q

Identification refers to physical evidence’s ability to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that a
specific individual committed a specific criminal act.
a. True
b. False

A

A. True

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10
Q

VSC stands for video ________ comparator.

A

spectral

*used for examining physical/chemical properties of documents

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11
Q

Shoe prints, tire tracks, cloth, cordage, bite marks, and even finger prints are common forms of
trace evidence.
a. True
b. False

A

B. False (These are examples of IMPRESSION EVD)

**Trace evd would be evd undetectable to eye without lighting or magnification device (hairs, fibers, pollen glass fragments, gun powder)

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12
Q 
Physical evidence’s ability to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that a specific individual
committed a specific criminal act is:
a. Evidentiary
b. Identification
c. Classification
d. Grouping
A

B. Identification

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13
Q

Physical evidence generally can be defined as anything with tangible qualities, with the only
exception being size.
a. True
b. False

A

B. False
*Defined as: Anything w/ tangible qualities, no matter how small, that can be measured or visualized to provide information about actual or suspected criminal activity (to include gases, electro waves, fluids, etc)

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14
Q

An original sample of handwriting from a known source such as a suspect or victim is
considered an __________.

A

exemplar

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15
Q

Patterns of blood stains are known as:

a. Spatters
b. Splashes
c. Splotches
d. Spray

A

A. Spatters

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16
Q

This term refers to the propensity to be lost through evaporation:

a. Volatility
b. Instability
c. Impulsiveness
d. Explosiveness

A

A. Volatility

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17
Q

ALS stands for:

a. Alternative light system
b. Agency light sources
c. Alternative light sources
d. Agency limited system

A

C. Alternative Light sources

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18
Q

Evidence that includes items such as paper, electronics, and passports is considered:

a. Documents evidence
b. Trace evidence
c. Impression evidence
d. Biological evidence

A

A. Documents Evidence

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19
Q

Physical Evidence (5) categories and examples
T.F.B.I.D —-> I
(The Fat Boy Is Dead)

A

Impression Evidence: Shoe prints, tire tracks, cloth, cordage, bite marks, and even fingerprints are common forms of impression evidence.

20
Q

An arch is recognized by:

a. Well-defined center or core formed by friction ridges of tightly wound loops
b. A series of round friction ridges, graduating from small to large
c. Friction ridges that resemble rolling hills, without defining the center
d. A series of straight lines leading to a circular center

A

C. Friction ridges that resemble rolling hills, without defining the center

**Least common fingerprint pattern (5% of population and w/ black people)

21
Q

Physical Evidence (5) categories and examples
T.F.B.I.D —-> D
(The Fat Boy Is Dead)

A

Documents Evidence: Includes documents in paper, electronic, or other physical form such as contracts, wills, checks or other currency, licenses, passports, and other official documentation.

22
Q

Chain of custody is a written record that documents the handling of any physical evidence,
excluding that of an electronic origin, from the time it is collected at the crime scene.
a. True
b. False

A

B. False

23
Q

This type of characteristic is considered the definition of what evidence has in common:

a. Similar
b. Class
c. Trait
d. Physical

A

B. Class

24
Q

Electrostatic dust print lifters (EDPL) can lift dust prints from nearly any hard, flat surface as well as irregular soft surfaces such as carpet and fabric.

a. True
b. False

A

A. True

25
Q

Luminol reacts with proteins in blood to produce a dim white fluorescence on prints that contains traces of blood, but does not detect blood that has been wiped away from the surface.

a. True
b. False

A

B. False

**It DOES detect blood that has been cleaned/wiped away

26
Q

A loop is recognized by:

a. Well-defined center or core formed by friction ridges of tightly wound loops
b. A series of round friction ridges, graduating from small to large
c. Friction ridges that resemble rolling hills, without defining the center
d. A series of straight lines leading to a circular center

A

A. Well-defined center or core formed by friction ridges of tightly wound loops.

**Most common fingerprint pattern (65% of population and w/ white people)

27
Q

A whorl is recognized by:

a. Well-defined center or core formed by friction ridges of tightly wound loops
b. A series of round friction ridges, graduating from small to large
c. Friction ridges that resemble rolling hills, without defining the center
d. A series of straight lines leading to a circular center

A

B. A series of round friction ridges, graduating from small to large.

**2nd most common (35% and with Asians, Hispanics, Native Americans)

28
Q

Of greatest value to investigators, unique impressions are called:

a. Resistance ridges
b. Friction ridges
c. Rasping ridges
d. Brushing ridges

A

B. Friction Ridges

29
Q

This exchange principle shows that every contact leaves a trace:

a. Bogard’s
b. Beccaria’s
c. Locard’s
d. Locust’s

A

C. Locard’s Exchange principle

30
Q

Class characteristics are what individual pieces of evidence have in common.

a. True
b. False

A

A. True

31
Q

Forensic __________ is concern with the classification and individualization of criminal
evidence relating to human teeth and bite marks.

A

odontology

32
Q

Shoe prints, tire tracks, cloth, and bite marks are considered:

a. Tangible evidence
b. Trace evidence
c. Impression evidence
d. Biological evidence

A

C. Impression Evidence

33
Q

Elimination prints should be obtained from EMTs, first-responding officers, witnesses, or
other individuals known to have touched surfaces in the crime scene before and during the first
response period.
a. True
b. False

A

A. True

34
Q

Latent prints are a form of visible fingerprint that is three-dimensional in quality; that is, the
fingerprint is created when pressure is applied by the finger to a soft surface.
a. True
b. False

A

B. False

**This is a PLASTIC PRINT (think gum, tape, putty, cement)

35
Q

The ______ of origin is the approximate location within the crime scene where the bleeding
injury took place.

A

point

36
Q

A written record that documents the handling of any physical evidence is called:

a. Chain of record
b. Chain of command
c. Chain of evidence
d. Chain of custody

A

D. Chain of Custody

37
Q

________ evidence is produced by plants and trees.

A

Botanical

38
Q

Unique impressions left by raised portions of skin on the palm side of the fingertip are
referred to as minutiae.
a. True
b. False

A

B. False

**Minutiae: The specific length, size and patterns of the friction ridges

39
Q 
This type of blood spatter results when blood is forced in the opposite direction to a bullet
entering the body.
a. Forward
b. Horizontal
c. Backward
d. Vertical
A

C. Backward

40
Q

A bullet involved in a crime scene is normally tested in a(n):

a. Outdoor shooting range
b. Recovery tank
c. Water tank
d. Indoor shooting simulator

A

B. Recovery Tank

41
Q

Physical Evidence (5) categories and examples
T.F.B.I.D —-> B
(The Fat Boy Is Dead)

A

Biological Evidence: Bodily fluids and tissues comprise most evidence that would be considered biological in nature. Blood, urine, semen, sweat, and mucus as well as bones, skin, and other soft tissues of the body are all examples of biological evidence. Skeletal remains.

42
Q

Abrasive evidence is either natural or _______.

A

synthetic

43
Q

Physical Evidence (5) categories and examples
T.I.B.F.D —-> T
(The Fat Boy Is Dead)

A

Trace Evidence: This category includes objects that are undetectable with the unaided eye, and usually must be visualized using some type of specialized lighting and/or magnification device. Hairs, fibers, dust, pollen, soil, glass fragments, wood chips, and gun powder particles are some of the more common forms of trace evidence.

44
Q

Individual characteristics do not allow a specific piece of physical evidence to be identified as
originating from a specific person, place, or thing.
a. True
b. False

A

B. False

*They DO allow ….

45
Q

This type of evidence includes items such as bodily fluids and tissue:

a. Tangible evidence
b. Trace evidence
c. Impression evidence
d. Biological evidence

A

D. Biological Evidence

46
Q

This type of evidence includes objects that are undetectable with the unaided eye:

a. Tangible evidence
b. Trace evidence
c. Impression evidence
d. Biological evidence

A

B. Trace Evidence

47
Q

Blood that is projected from wounds where bullets exit the body produce this type of spatter:

a. Forward
b. Horizontal
c. Backward
d. Vertical

A

A. Forward

DET book (9 decks)

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