Chapter 1 Flashcards by Tyler P

This group was identified as the very first criminal investigative unit:
a. Bow Street Runners
b. Fielding’s Flock
c. London’s Runners
d. Henry Fielding’s Runners

A: Bow Street Runners

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

John Fielding differed from his brother and was noted for:

a. Stress analysis
b. Voice recognition
c. Visual interpretation
d. Arrests

B: Voice Recognition

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Henry Fielding was recognized for organizing a group of volunteers called:

a. Thief catchers
b. Thief hunters
c. Thief takers
d. Thief mockers

C: Thief Takers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This person was credited for the creation of detective methods such as working undercover:

a. Henry Fielding
b. John Fielding
c. Eugene Vidocq
d. Cesare Lombroso

C: Eugene Vidocq

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Scotland Yard’s detective branch began in this year:

a. 1842
b. 1828
c. 1835
d. 1953

A: 1842

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The London Metropolitan Police was founded by:

a. John Fielding
b. Henry Fielding
c. Cesare Lombroso
d. Sir Robert Peel

D. Sir Robert Peel

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sherlock Holmes was said to parallel the life of:

a. John Fielding
b. Auguste Dupin
c. Eugene Vidocq
d. Sir Robert Peel

C. Eugene Vidocq

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The beginning of the scientific expert era in criminal investigation matters is marked by the
toxicologist:
a. Eugene Vidocq
b. Mathieu Orfila
c. Cesare Beccaria
d. Sir Robert Peel

B: Mathieu Orfila

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The second period of investigative history in the United States was:

a. Prescientific Period
b. Scientific Period
c. Investigative Period
d. Technological Period

b. Scientific Period

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The term “criminal investigations” was coined by:

a. Hans Gross
b. Mathieu Orfila
c. Sir Robert Peel
d. Francis Galton

A: Hans Gross

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The oldest law enforcement agency in the United States is:

a. FBI
b. CIA
c. USMS
d. DEA

C: USMS (US Marshals)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

U.S. Postal Inspection Service employees were also called:

a. Collectors
b. Surveyors
c. Investigators
d. Keepers

B: Surveyors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Captain of Detectives was first created by which agency:

a. LAPD
b. NYPD
c. Chicago PD
d. Boston PD

D: Boston PD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the third investigatory agency created, which fell under the Department of Treasury
during its inception:
a. FBI
b. USMS
c. DEA
d. USSS

D: USSS (Secret Service)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Bureau of Investigation was later renamed as:

a. DEA
b. FBI
c. USSS
d. CIA

B: FBI

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

President Nixon began this organization in 1973 within the U.S. Department of Justice:

a. DEA
b. FBI
c. ATF
d. USSS

A: DEA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The first crime lab was created by: (world)

a. Edmond Locard
b. August Vollmer
c. Calvin Goddard
d. Harry Anslinge

a. Edmond Locard (France) 1910

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The first crime lab was created by: (USA)

a. Edmond Locard
b. August Vollmer
c. Calvin Goddard
d. Harry Anslinge

B: August Vollmer (LAPD) 1923

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the application of science to law:

a. Criminalistics
b. Forensics
c. Investigations
d. Identifications

B: Forensics

This is the newest branch of investigative organizations, established in 2002:

a. DEA
b. Criminalistics
c. DHS
d. Forensic Science

C: DHS (Homeland Security)

Sir John Fielding organized a small group of unpaid citizen volunteers, referred to as “thief

takers. ”
a. True
b. False

B: False

- “Thief Takers” was organized by Henry Fielding

Sir John Fielding was blind and noted for recognizing criminals by their voice.

a. True
b. False

A :True

The Bow Street Runners were a gang of eight members, each armed with a truncheon, cutlass,
and pistol, known for being the worst offenders in England.
a. True
b. False

b. False

- 6-8 members w/truncheon, cutlass and pistol TRACKED offenders all across England

Historically speaking, the most influential move toward creating a permanent criminal
investigation function within municipal law enforcement agencies was the establishment in 1842
of London’s Scotland Yard Detective Branch.
a. True
b. False

A: True

Mathieu Orfila defined the study of toxicology in a book on the effects of various poisons as a cause of death. a. True b. False

A: True

Hans Gross developed a method of anthropometry in which features of the human body were measured and recorded for purposes of criminal identification. a. True b. False

B: False | - Alphonse Bertillon developed this method

Anthropometry was superseded by __________ work demonstrating how offenders could be identified more precisely through scientific analyses of fingerprints.

Sir Francis Galton’s

The U.S. Marshals Service (USMS) is the second oldest federal law enforcement agency in the United States. a. True b. False

B: False (It is the oldest Fed agency) | - U.S. Postal Inspection Service is the 2nd oldest

The Texas Rangers, founded in 1835, were the nation’s first policing agency with statewide jurisdiction. a. True b. False

A; True

Francis Tukey introduced a technique he called “the show-up of rogues,” where he rounded up known criminals and presented them in person to Boston officers so that these offenders’ activities could be closely monitored. A. True B. False

A: True

Allan Pinkerton, the first officer municipal plainclothes detective of the United States, was appointed by the Chicago Police Department in 1949. a. True b. False

B: False | - this occurred in 1849

Before leaving his municipal detective position, Pinkerton founded “Pinkerton National Detection Agency.” a. True b. False

B: False - AFTER leaving his muni dective position he created it...and It was called the Pinkerton National DETECTIVE Agency (1850)

Housed within the Department of Treasury, the Secret Service initially was commissioned to prevent acts of counterfeiting. a. True b. False

A; True

In 1956, the Bureau of Investigation became formally known as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). a. True b. False

B: False | - 1936

The first recognized application of DNA to a criminal matter was by Sir Alec Jeffreys in England in an effort to help solve the famous 1986 Pitchfork case. a. True b. False

A; True

The Federal Bureau of Narcotics later was renamed ___________________

DEA

Deoxyribonucleic acid is otherwise known as ___________.

DNA

___________ science is the application of any science to the law.

Forensic

The FBI’s fingerprint repository became known as the National Bureau of Criminal ________________.

Identification

______________________ instituted the nation’s first municipal crime lab

August Vollmer

Compare and contrast Henry Fielding and Sir John Fielding.

Henry was the organizer of the thief takers who were volunteers that would catch criminals. He established the modern-day bounty hunters. He and his brother transformed the thief takers as a dual partnership and what would be known as the Bow Street Runners. Sir John Fielding was blind and was able to identify criminals simply based on voice recognition. Objective: Outline the history of policing and criminal investigation.

Discuss the Bureau of Prohibition and the reason for its inception

Created by the Department of Treasury to enforce liquor-related laws. This was in large part an attempt to curb offenses including those committed by Al Capone and his crime network

Name and discuss the first American criminal investigation period

Prescientific—(Marshals, USPS, TX Rangers, Pinkerton Nat. Det agency, etc)a nexus existed between the types of offenders, laws, and investigators that shaped the future of criminal investigations.

Name and discuss the 2nd American criminal investigation period

Scientific—creation of the modern crime lab. (GSR, blood spatter analysis), criminalists, forensic sciences

Name and discuss the 3rd American criminal investigation period

Technological—primary benchmarks were large-scale computer evidence databases and DNA for suspect identification purposes.