Chapter 8 Flashcards
Nutrients
which are substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissue, and obtain energy.
Six main classes of nutrients
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water
What three sources of nutrients can be used as a source of energy
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used by the body as sources of energy
Metabolism
is the chemical process by which your body breaks down foods to release this energy. It also involves the use of this energy for growth and repair of body tissue.
Calories
The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down is measured in units
Simple carbohydrates
are also known as sugars
Complex carbohydrates
are made up of sugars that are linked together chemically to form long chains
Fiber
is a complex carbohydrate found in plants. Fiber can be found in most fruits, vegetables, and grains.
Carbohydrates produce something called _______ when digested. The extra glucose becomes a type of starch called _________
Glucose
Glycogen
Fats
Fats are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and supply our body with energy, form your cells, maintain temperature, and protect your nerves.
Unsaturated fats
have at least one unsaturated bond in a place where hydrogen can be added to the molecule
They are usually liquid at room temperature.
They are classified as either monounsaturated fats or polyunsaturated fats.
Saturated fats
have all the carbon and hydrogen atoms can hold.
They are solid at room temperature.
Too much of saturated fat can lead to heart disease.
Cholesterol
waxy, fatlike substance found only in animal products.
Proteins
Nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are called proteins.
Proteins are long chains of smaller “links” that are bound together chemically. These smaller substances are called _______ _____
Amino acids
There are nine amino acids that the body cannot manufacture called the ________ amino acids.
Essential
Vitamins
are nutrients that are made in small quantities by living things and they assist the chemical reactions in the body.
Fat-soluble vitamins
dissolve in fatty material and can be stored in the body
Water-soluble vitamins
Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and cannot be stored by the body
B1
Thiamin
B2
Riboflavin
B3
Niacin
B6
Pyridoxine
B12
Cobalamin
Folate
Folic acid)
Vitamin C
Ascorbic acid
Antioxidants
help protect healthy cells from the damage caused by the normal ageing process as well as from certain types of cancer.
Two most powerful antioxidants….
Vitamins C and E are two of the most powerful antioxidants.
Minerals
nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and soil.
Seven minerals you need
calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur- in significant amounts
