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Data Management Concepts > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Client/Server architectures?

A
  • Networked computing model
  • Processes distributed between clients and servers
  • Client-Workstation (PC, smartphone, tablet) that requests and uses a service
  • Server - Powerful computer (PC/mini/mainframe) that provides a service
  • For DBMS, server is a database server
  • For the Internet, server is a web server
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2
Q

What are the three application logics in Client/Server systems?

A
  • Presentation Logic
  • Processing Logic
  • Storage Logic
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3
Q

What are the components of Presentation Logic?

A
  • Input - Keyboard/mouse

Output - Montior/Printer

* This is the GUI Interface *

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4
Q

What are the components of Processing Logic?

A
  • I/O processing
  • Business Rules
  • Data Management

* These are Procedures, functions, and programs *

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5
Q

What are the components of Storage Logic?

A
  • Data storage/retrieval

*This is DBMS activities*

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6
Q

What is application partitioning?

A
  • Placing portions of the application code in different locations (client vs. server) after it is written.
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7
Q

What are the advatages of application partitioning?

A
  • Improved performance
  • Improved interoperability
  • Balanced workloads
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8
Q

Two-tier client-server environments example

A
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9
Q

Where can processing logic be in a two-tier client-server environment?

A
  • Client (Fat client)
  • Server (thin client)
  • Both (distributed environment
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10
Q

Three-tier and n-tier client-server environments example

A
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11
Q

Where is the processing logic in a three-tier and n-tier client server environment?

A
  • At the application server or Web server
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12
Q

In a two-tier database server architectures what is the Client worksation responsible for?

A
  • Presentation logic
  • Data processing logic
  • Business rules logic
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13
Q

What does the server perform in a two-tier database server architecture?

A

All data storage, access, and processing.

  • Typically called a database server

*DBMS is only a server*

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14
Q

Database server architecture (two-tier architecture) example

A
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15
Q

What are the characteristics of two-tier client/server systems?

A
  • Departmental in scope (few users)
  • Not mission-critical
  • Low transaction volumes
  • Common programming languages are Java, VB .NET, C#
  • Interface database via middleware, APIs
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16
Q

What is middleware?

A

Software that allows an application to interoperate with other software without requiring user to understand and code low-level operations

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17
Q

What is an Application Program Interface (API)?

A

Routines that an application uses to direct the performance of procedures by the computer’s operating system.

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18
Q

What are the common database APIs?

A

ODBC, ADO .NET, JDBC

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19
Q

What are the steps for using databases via middleware APIs?

A
  1. Identify and register a database driver.
  2. Open a connection to a database.
  3. Execute a query against the database.
  4. Process the results of the query.
  5. Repeat steps 3-4 as necessary.
  6. Close the connection to the database.
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20
Q

What are the components of a three-tier architecture?

A
  • Client - (GUI interface (I/O processing)) - Browser or Mobile App to access
  • Application server - (Business Rules) - Web Server

Database Server - Data storage - DBMS

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21
Q

What is a Thin Client?

A
  • PC just for user interface and a little application processing. Limited or no data storage (sometimes no hard drive)
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22
Q

Generic three-tier architecture example

A
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23
Q

What is a thin client?

A

An application where the client accessing the application primarily provides the user interfaces and some application processing, usually with no or limited local data storage.

24
Q

What is a thin client application?

A

A web browser and the 3-tier architecture involves a Web application.

25
Q

A database-enabled intranet/Internet environment example

A
26
Q

What are the components of a web application?

A
  • Database Server
  • Web Server
  • Application server
  • Web browser
27
Q

What is the purpose of the database server in a web application?

A

It hosts the DBMS

example: Oracle, SQL Server, Informix, MS Access, MySql

28
Q

What is the purpose of the web server in a web application?

A

It receives and responds to browser requests using HTTP protocol

example: Apache, Internet Information Services (IIS)

29
Q

What is the purpose of the applicatino server in a web application?

A

The software buidling blocks for creating dynamic web sites

example: MS ASP .NET framework, Java EE, ColdFusion, PHP

30
Q

What is the purpose of the Web browser in a web application?

A

Client programs that sends web requests and receives web pages

example: Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Google Chrome

31
Q

What programming languages are used for creating web pages?

A
  • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) - markup language specific for web pages
  • Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) - markup language standard
  • Extensible Markup Language (XML) - markup language allowing customized tags
  • XHTML - XML-compliant extension of HTML
  • JavaScript/VBScript - scripting languages that enable interactivity in HTML documents
  • XSL and XSLT - XMS style sheet and transformation to HTML
32
Q

What are static page requests?

A

.htm or .html requests handled by the Web Server

33
Q

What are dynamic page requests?

A
  • .jsp, .aspx, and .php requests are routed to the application server
  • Server-side processing by JSP servlet (Java), ASP .NET application (C# or VB), ColdFusion, or PHP
  • Database access via JDBC, ADO .NET, or other database middleware
34
Q

Example of information flow in a three-tier architecture

A
35
Q

What are considerations in 3-tier applications?

A
  • Stored Procedures - Code logic embedded in DBMS; Improve performance, but propriertary.
  • Transactions - Involve many database updates; Either all must succeed, or none should occur.

- Database connections - Maintaining an open connection is resource-intensive; Use of connection pooling

36
Q

What are the advantages of stored procedures?

A
  • Performance improves for compiled SQL statements
  • Reduced network traffic
  • Improved security
  • Improved data integrity
  • Thinner clients
37
Q

What are some of the disadvantages of Stored procedures?

A
  • Programming takes more time
  • Proprietary, so algorithms are not portable
38
Q

What are the benefits of three-tier architectures?

A
  • Scalability
  • Technological flexibility
  • Long-term cost reduction
  • Better match of systems to business needs
  • Improved customer service
  • Competetive advantage
  • Reduced risk
39
Q

What is cloud computing?

A

A model for creating ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand access to network services.

40
Q

What are the characteristics of cloud computing?

A
  • On-demand
  • Broad network access
  • Resource pooling
  • Rapid elasticity
  • Measured service
41
Q

What are the types of cloud computing?

A
  • Infrastucture-as-a-service (IaaS)
  • Platform-as-a-service (PaaS)
  • Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
42
Q

What is Extensible Markup Language (XML)?

A

A text based markup language (like HTML)

  • It uses elements, tags, attributes
  • It includes document type declarations (DTDs), XML schemas, comments, and entity references
43
Q

What revolutionizes the way data is exchanged over the Internet?

A

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

44
Q

What are four common options for storing XML documents?

A
  • Store XML data in a relational database by shredding the XML document
  • Store entire XML document in a large field (BLOB or CLOB)
  • Store the XML document using special XML columns
  • Store the XML document using a native XML database (non-relational)
45
Q

What does XPath do?

A

One of a set of XML technologies supporting XQuery development, locating data in XML documents

46
Q

What is XQuery?

A

An XML transformation language that allows applications to query both relational databases and XML data

47
Q

What is Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT)?

A

A language used to transform complex XML documents and also used to create HTML pages from XML documents.

48
Q

What can translate a single XML document into both standard HTML and WAP/WML for cell phones without the necessity for two different pages?

A

Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT)

49
Q

What is a set of emerging XML-based standards that define protocols for automatic communication between software programs over the web?

A

Web Services

50
Q

What is a standard for creating a distributed registry of Web services?

A

Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI)

51
Q

What is an XML-based grammar for describing a Web Service and specifying its public interface?

A

Web Services Description Language (WSDL)

52
Q

What is an XML-based communication protocol for sending messages between applications over the Internet?

A

Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)

53
Q

Web Service protocol stack example

A
54
Q

What is service oriented architecture (SOA)?

A

A collection of services that communicate with each other, usually by passing data or coordinating a business activity.

55
Q

What is a new paradigm for IT application development, based mostly on Web service?

A

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

56
Q

What are the benefits of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)?

A
  • Loosely coupled, highly interoperable components
  • Leads to flexibility and shorter development time

Data Management Concepts (12 decks)

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