Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is a organized collection of logically related data?
Database
What are stored representations of meaningful objects and events?
Data
What are the two types of data?
- Structured (numbers, text, dates)
- Unstructured (images, video, documents)
What is data processed to increase knowledged in the person using the data?
Information
What is data that describes the properties and context of user data?
Metadata
What are the disadvantages of file processing?
- Program-data dependence
- Duplication of data
- Limited data sharing
- Lengthy development times
- Excessive program maintenance
Why is the database approach the solution to the disadvantages of file processing?
- Central repository of shared data
- Data is managed by a controlling agent
- Stored in a standardized, convenient form
What are graphical diagrams capturing nature and relationship of data?
Data models
What are the two types of data models?
Enterprise Data Model - high-level entities and relationships
Project Data Model - more detailed view, matching data structure in database or data warehous
What is composed of attributes and is in noun form describing a person, place, object, event or concept?
Entities
What is the bond between entities that can be one-to many (1:M), many-to-many(M:N) or one-to-one (1:1)?
Relationships
What is database technology involving tables (relations) representing entities and primary/foreign keys representing relationships?
Relational databases
What are some costs and risks of the database approach?
- New, specialized personnel
- Installation and management cost and complexity
- Conversion costs
- Need for explicit backup and recovery
- Organizational conflict
What are automated tools used to design databases and application programs?
Data modeling and design tools
What is a centralized storehouse of metadata?
Repository
What is software for managing the database?
Database Management System (DBMS)
What is the storehouse of the data?
Database
What are software using the data?
Application programs
What is the text, graphical displays, menus, etc for the user?
User Interface
What are the personnel responsible for maintaining the database?
Data/Database Administrators
What are the personnel responsible for designing databases and software?
System developers
Who are the people who use the applications and databases?
End users
What is the Enterprise data model and what does is do?
- First step in the database develoment process
- Specifies scope and general content
- Entity-relationship diagram
- Descriptions of entity types
- Relationships between entities
- Business rules
What are the two approaches to database and it’s development?
- System development life cycle (SDLC)
- Prototyping
What is a detailed, well-planned development process, that is time-consuming, but comprehensive and has a long development cycle?
SDLC
What uses Rapid application development (RAD), is a cursory attempt at conceptual data modeling, defines database during development of initial prototype, and repeats implementation and maintenance activities with new prototype versions?
Prototyping
What are the steps in the SDLC?
- Planning
- Analysis
- Logical Design
- Physical Design
- Implementation
- Maintenance
What is the prototyping database methodology?
- Identify the problem
- Develop initial prototype
- Implement and use prototype
- Then either convert to operational system or Revise and enchance prototype
What emphasizes “individuals and interactions over processes and tools, working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaberation over contract negotiation, and response to change over following a plan”?
Agile
What are the three database schema?
- External Schema
- Conceptual Schema
- Internal Schema
What comprises External Schema?
- User views
- Subsets of Conceptual Schema
- Can be determined from business-function/data entity matrices
- DBA determines schema for different users
What comprises Conceptual schema?
E-R models
What comprises Internal schema?
- Logical Structures
- Physical Structures
What is a planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a beginning and an end?
Project
What are the four main objectives that drive the evolution of database systems?
- Need for program-data independence -> reduced maintenance
- Desire to manage more complex data types and structures
- Ease of data access for less technical personnel
- Need for more powerful decision support platforms
What is designed to integrate all enterprise functions (manufacturing, finance, sales, marketing, inventory, accounting, human resources)?
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
What is an integrated decision support system derived from various operational databases?
Data Warehouse
