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Data Management Concepts > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a organized collection of logically related data?

A

Database

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2
Q

What are stored representations of meaningful objects and events?

A

Data

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3
Q

What are the two types of data?

A
  • Structured (numbers, text, dates)
  • Unstructured (images, video, documents)
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4
Q

What is data processed to increase knowledged in the person using the data?

A

Information

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5
Q

What is data that describes the properties and context of user data?

A

Metadata

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6
Q

What are the disadvantages of file processing?

A
  • Program-data dependence
  • Duplication of data
  • Limited data sharing
  • Lengthy development times
  • Excessive program maintenance
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7
Q

Why is the database approach the solution to the disadvantages of file processing?

A
  • Central repository of shared data
  • Data is managed by a controlling agent
  • Stored in a standardized, convenient form
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8
Q

What are graphical diagrams capturing nature and relationship of data?

A

Data models

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9
Q

What are the two types of data models?

A

Enterprise Data Model - high-level entities and relationships

Project Data Model - more detailed view, matching data structure in database or data warehous

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10
Q

What is composed of attributes and is in noun form describing a person, place, object, event or concept?

A

Entities

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11
Q

What is the bond between entities that can be one-to many (1:M), many-to-many(M:N) or one-to-one (1:1)?

A

Relationships

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12
Q

What is database technology involving tables (relations) representing entities and primary/foreign keys representing relationships?

A

Relational databases

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13
Q

What are some costs and risks of the database approach?

A
  • New, specialized personnel
  • Installation and management cost and complexity
  • Conversion costs
  • Need for explicit backup and recovery
  • Organizational conflict
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14
Q

What are automated tools used to design databases and application programs?

A

Data modeling and design tools

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15
Q

What is a centralized storehouse of metadata?

A

Repository

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16
Q

What is software for managing the database?

A

Database Management System (DBMS)

17
Q

What is the storehouse of the data?

A

Database

18
Q

What are software using the data?

A

Application programs

19
Q

What is the text, graphical displays, menus, etc for the user?

A

User Interface

20
Q

What are the personnel responsible for maintaining the database?

A

Data/Database Administrators

21
Q

What are the personnel responsible for designing databases and software?

A

System developers

22
Q

Who are the people who use the applications and databases?

A

End users

23
Q

What is the Enterprise data model and what does is do?

A
  • First step in the database develoment process
  • Specifies scope and general content
  • Entity-relationship diagram
  • Descriptions of entity types
  • Relationships between entities
  • Business rules
24
Q

What are the two approaches to database and it’s development?

A
  • System development life cycle (SDLC)
  • Prototyping
25
Q

What is a detailed, well-planned development process, that is time-consuming, but comprehensive and has a long development cycle?

A

SDLC

26
Q

What uses Rapid application development (RAD), is a cursory attempt at conceptual data modeling, defines database during development of initial prototype, and repeats implementation and maintenance activities with new prototype versions?

A

Prototyping

27
Q

What are the steps in the SDLC?

A
  • Planning
  • Analysis
  • Logical Design
  • Physical Design
  • Implementation
  • Maintenance
28
Q

What is the prototyping database methodology?

A
  • Identify the problem
  • Develop initial prototype
  • Implement and use prototype
  • Then either convert to operational system or Revise and enchance prototype
29
Q

What emphasizes “individuals and interactions over processes and tools, working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaberation over contract negotiation, and response to change over following a plan”?

A

Agile

30
Q

What are the three database schema?

A
  • External Schema
  • Conceptual Schema
  • Internal Schema
31
Q

What comprises External Schema?

A
  • User views
  • Subsets of Conceptual Schema
  • Can be determined from business-function/data entity matrices
  • DBA determines schema for different users
32
Q

What comprises Conceptual schema?

A

E-R models

33
Q

What comprises Internal schema?

A
  • Logical Structures
  • Physical Structures
34
Q

What is a planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a beginning and an end?

A

Project

35
Q

What are the four main objectives that drive the evolution of database systems?

A
  • Need for program-data independence -> reduced maintenance
  • Desire to manage more complex data types and structures
  • Ease of data access for less technical personnel
  • Need for more powerful decision support platforms
36
Q

What is designed to integrate all enterprise functions (manufacturing, finance, sales, marketing, inventory, accounting, human resources)?

A

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

37
Q

What is an integrated decision support system derived from various operational databases?

A

Data Warehouse

Data Management Concepts (12 decks)

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