Chapter 8

Question 1

Sexual reproduction

Answer 1

Require two parents offspring is a combination of parents

Question 2

Asexual

Answer 2

Requires only one parent offspring genetically identical to parent

Question 3

How does binary fission work and what cells do this

Answer 3

Cell division in prokaryotes cells cells cutting half

1. Duplication 2. Cell elongation 3. Cell division

Question 4

What is the cell doing in interphase in eukaryotes

Answer 4

Interphase is the life cycle of a cell

G1 growth more proteins replicated

S DNA is completely replicated

G2 more proteins synthesized metabolic activity

Question 5

What is chromatin

Answer 5

DNA and protein fibers when are not condensed together chromosomes condense for cell division

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

A separate strand of DNA when contains hundreds of particular genes

Question 7

Sister chromatid

Answer 7

Two identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere

Question 8

Centromere

Answer 8

Physical place at which the two identical sister chromatid are held together is consistent for a particular chromosome it binds together sister chromosome

Question 9

What are the three functions of mitosis

Answer 9

Growth cell replacement asexual reproduction

Question 10

The single function of meiosis

Answer 10

Sexual reproduction

Question 11

Cytokinesis different in plant and animals

Answer 11

Plants - have cell walls so they form a cell plate within then turns into a new cell wall

Animals- don’t have a cell wall so they are mandible so it splits after forming membranes around chromosome group

Question 12

In what phase of the cell cycle does an organism spend most of its time

Answer 12

Interphase

Question 13

What are anchorage dependency

Answer 13

Cells must be in contact with solid surface to divide needs a surface because they can’t grow in fluids

Question 14

Density dependency

Answer 14

Cell growing on a surface grow until they form a single layer then stop dividing

Question 15

What does the cell cycle regulate and how does it work

Answer 15

Cell cycle regulates the growth and development of new cells and including the or DNA

Question 16

What is a homologous chromosomes

Answer 16

Two chromosomes which contains genes for the same trait in the same places but may hold many different instructions from within

Question 17

What is centromere

Answer 17

Physical place are held together; is consistent for a particular chromosome

Question 18

Centrosome

Answer 18

A structure within the auto plasm which forms the spindle during cell division

Question 19

What is spindle and what is it made of

Answer 19

Microtubles which emerges from centrosomes and attach to the centromeres and chromosomes

Question 20

Locus

Answer 20

Physical position along a particular chromosome

Question 21

How many copies is a haploid diploid trilogy and tetraloid

Answer 21

Hap 1
Di 2
Tri 3
Tetra 4

Question 22

What is fertilization

Answer 22

Haploid sperm and egg cell rise to form diploid zygote

Question 23

What is independent orientation

Answer 23

8 million possibilities for sperm

8 million possibilities for egg

Question 24

Randoms fertilization

Answer 24

Is a part of genetic variation

Question 25

Cross over

Answer 25

Another way of increasing genetic variation

Question 26

What is karyotype and what can it tell you

Answer 26

The number and visual appearance of the chromosome can kill us

Question 27

Autosome

Answer 27

Number from largest to smallest identified by size position of centromere

Question 28

Sex chromosome

Answer 28

One pair in humans
Xx female
Xy male

Question 29

What is nondisjunction and what are the consequences for the affected organism

Answer 29

An error in meiosis

The adding or removing of a chromosome affects many phenotypes and are chromosome is affected if more than lethal