Chapter 8 Flashcards
When the power of the maternalist argument fell short, what issue did reformers have difficulty with?
Ending child labor
What was the goal of the Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL)?
To reconcile women workers with the organized labor movement
After the United States entered World War I, Ida B. Wells-Barnett was threatened with jail because she
defended black soldiers executed by the U.S. government.
What strategy did the National Consumers’ League develop to argue against the Supreme Court’s refusal to accept a maximum workday for women in Lochner v. New York?
They reasoned women workers needed special protection because they could become mothers.
Why did it take so long to win votes for women?
Large numbers of women with little else in common had to unite behind this goal.
How was the Great Migration of African Americans from southern rural communities to northern urban centers during the 1910s different from European and Asian migrations?
African American women comprised almost 50 percent of migrants.
An extremely organized and politicized manifestation of cutting-edge feminism in the Progressive era was the struggle for
birth control.
What was significant for women reformers about the 1912 presidential election?
Two of the three political parties supported woman suffrage.
What did the disparity in average working men’s and women’s wages reflect in 1900?
Men had the most skilled jobs.
What feminist goal did Charlotte Perkins Gilman advocate?
Collective housework to ease women’s domestic burden
Activist women viewed supporting the war as an opportunity to
demonstrate their right to full citizenship.
Female social reformers during the Progressive era often described women’s activism by drawing on the image of
public housekeeping.
What is notable about the Progressive Party’s position regarding women?
It fully integrated women into all its activities.
Jane Addams became the first American woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for
her role in the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.
Why did women organize a silent march down the streets of New York City in 1914?
To protest the violence of war
What did African American women hope to gain from suffrage?
A counter to the disenfranchisement of African American men
What ground-breaking step was taken by the National Woman’s Party as they tried to push for woman suffrage?
Picketing the White House
Wage-earning women supported the woman suffrage movement because they were promised that the vote would
raise women’s wages.
To introduce a more radical suffrage approach that broke from the NAWSA’s previous campaigns, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns
conducted a western campaign to oust Democrats from office.
How did clerical work change as more women moved into the occupation?
While this work was increasingly open to women, it ceased being an avenue of upward mobility.
What was the turning point in the Lawrence textile strike of 1912?
When children were beaten by police, which drew negative publicity for factory owners
How did a new generation of suffrage leaders try to bring the suffrage movement into conformity with the realities of urban, industrial, modern America in the early 1900s?
They rejected the outdated term “woman suffrage” for the more modern term, “votes for women.”
Why did women establish the Women Wage Earners Association during World War I?
To assist migrating black women workers
What was a central principle of “Maternalism,” a term coined by recent historians to refer to the Progressive-era justification for women’s programs?
Society needed to protect motherhood for the good of the nation.
Why were the women strikers successful in the garment workers’ strike of 1909-1910?
Harassment of upper- and middle-class WTUL members brought newspaper headlines.
Why was Margaret Sanger arrested in 1916?
For operating a birth control clinic
