Chapter 8

Question 1

What is theology?

Answer 1

“Talking about God” or the study of science of god.

Question 2

Scholatasticism

Answer 2

Christian Philosophy: stressed logical analysis of texts( bible) to produce a defense on beliefs. This influences today in us drawing on other sources and referencing them. It moved away from the sophos whose work was more personal ideas, to a collection of scholars.

Question 3

Natural Theology

Answer 3

“natural reason or intelligence” Natural= of this world not of revelation. Used” five ways” to prove god’s existence naturally.

Question 4

Five Ways

Answer 4

motion, cause, necessity, Degree, and design

Question 5

Argument of Motion (1st way)

Answer 5

motion is caused by something else in motion moving it. There had to be a first thing moving that caused other things to move. One thing that can move without moving itself needing to be moved. aka God

Question 6

Cosmological Argument (2nd way) cause

Answer 6

someone had to create this world… create everything. We are incapable of creating ourselves. god= the uncaused cause (based of Aristotle’s concept of efficient cause : a force initiates change)

Question 7

Argument from Necessity (3rd way)

Answer 7

if nothing ever exists nothing ever would. Therefore there is an eternal existence that is necessary. Gods existence in necessary.

Question 8

Argument of Gradation(4th way) degree

Answer 8

hierarchy of souls i.e. dog has more being than a worm. There is a difference in the quality of different beings. There has to be a something or someone who follows an orderly pattern.

Question 9

Teleological Argument ( 5th way) Design

Answer 9

( comes from telos: understanding things and its end or telos) universe manifests order and purpose that can only come from a source of intelligence or god.because matter lacks intelligence

Question 10

infinite regress and principle of sufficient reason

Answer 10

infinite regress: chain effect or cycle of motion moving that is infinite, but this doesn’t fit the sufficient reason because there has to be a reason for the motion.

Question 11

Problem of Evil

Answer 11

If god is good, wise, and omnipotent then why do bad things happen?

Question 12

Thomas theory of evil

Answer 12

Evil is the lack of goodness. people do bad things thinking it is good, but it lacks goodness. Evil isn’t created.