Chapter 8

Question 1

acetabulum

Answer 1

On the lateral aspect of the innominate bone, the three bones (ilium, ischium, pubic bone) form a deep socket This depression is the socket for the triaxial balland-socket hip joint

Question 2

annulus fibrosus

Answer 2

outer portion of the vertebral disk consisting of fibrous tissue

Question 3

anterior scroiliac ligament

Answer 3

The anterior sacroiliac ligament runs between the anterior surface of the sacrum and the anterior surface of the ilium

Question 4

atlantoaxial ligament

Answer 4

attache the atlas and the axis

Question 5

atlantooccipital ligament

Answer 5

attaches the occipital bone of the skull to the first cervical vertebrae C1 or atlas

Question 6

atlas

Answer 6

C1 the first cervical vertebrae

Question 7

axis

Answer 7

C2 are shaped differently from the other five cervical vertebrae C3 - C7 to permit the head to rotate

Question 8

bifid

Answer 8

(Split) spinous process and a foramen in each transverse process to provide for the passage of blood vessels through the cervical spine.

Question 9

cervical vertebra

Answer 9

seven in total are numbered from the most superior to most inferioras C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7

Question 10

coccyx

Answer 10

the final four vertebrae that like the sacrum fuse in adult

Question 11

costovertebral ligaments

Answer 11

six per rib articulate the 12 pairs of ribs of the thorax with the 12 thoracic vertebrae

Question 12

dens

Answer 12

large bony process known also as the odontoid process serving as the axis for the atlas

Question 13

fovea

Answer 13

articulation sites on the 12 thoracic vertibrae that attach to the 12 pairs of ribs

Question 14

iliolumbar ligament

Answer 14

runs between the transverse processes of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the ilium of the pelvis

Question 15

inguinal ligament

Answer 15

Running between the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the pubic tubercle is a long ligament serves as a major source of muscular attachments

Question 16

interosseous ligament

Answer 16

The interosseous ligament is made of short fibers that connect the posterior aspects of the sacroiliac joint.

Question 17

interspinous ligament

Answer 17

runs between the spinous processes of successive vertebrae

Question 18

intervertebral disc

Answer 18

cartilaginous (primarily water and protein) discs lie on the bodies of each vertebra and serve both as spacers (to help separate the vertebrae and allow nerve roots to pass from the spinal canal to other structures of the body) and as shock absorbers for the spinal column

Question 19

intervertebral foramen

Answer 19

allows the nerve branches from the spinal cord to pass between the vertebrae

Question 20

isthmus

Answer 20

also called the pars interarticularis or neck is the bony area between the superior and inferior articulating facets

Question 21

kyphosis

Answer 21

Excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (hunch back round shoulders)

Question 22

lamina

Answer 22

forms the posterior aspect of the vertebral foramen

Question 23

ligametum flavum

Answer 23

runs between the laminae of successive vertebrae

Question 24

ligametum nuchae

Answer 24

Between the external occipital protuberance and the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra

Question 25

long sacroiliac ligament

Answer 25

The long sacroiliac ligament runs between the posterior superior spine of the ilium and the third and fourth vertebrae of the sacrum

Question 26

lordosis

Answer 26

excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback)

Question 27

lumbar vertebra

Answer 27

five in number and are the largest vertebrae have no foramen through their transverse processes nor are there any articular facets (fovea)

Question 28

nucleus pulposus

Answer 28

inner portion of the vertebral disk consisting of consists of soft, pulpy, elastic tissue.

Question 29

obturator foramen

Answer 29

Beneath the acetabulum is a large foramen formed by the ischium and the pubic bone

Question 30

occipitoaxial ligament

Answer 30

also known as the membrana tectoria attach the occipital bone of the skull to the dens (odontoid process) of the second cervical vertebrae C2

Question 31

odontoid process

Answer 31

it is the joint between the atlas C1 attatched to the skull and the axis C2 where rotation of the head occurs

Question 32

pars interarticularis

Answer 32

also called the isthmus is the bony area between the superior and inferior articulating facets

Question 33

pedicle

Answer 33

form the lateral sides of the vertebral foramen

Question 34

posterior sacroiliac ligament

Answer 34

The posterior sacroiliac ligament (figure 8.37) has three sections: the short sacroiliac, the long sacroiliac, and the interosseous

Question 35

pubic symphysis

Answer 35

The ligaments of the pubic symphysis are the anterior pubic, the inferior (arcuate) pubic, the posterior pubic, and the superior pubic. The function of each of these ligaments is to articulate the anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior aspects of the two pubic bones to form the pubic symphysis. Additionally, there is an interpubic fibrocartilage disc between the pubic bones

Question 36

pubic tubercle

Answer 36

Just lateral to the pubic symphysis, each pubic bone has a bony prominence on its superior surface

Question 37

sacrospinous ligament

Answer 37

The sacrospinous ligament runs from the sacrum and coccyx to the spine of the ischium.

Question 38

sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 38

acrotuberous ligament runs between the posterior inferior spine of the ilium, the sacrum and coccyx, and the ischial tuberosity.

Question 39

sacrum

Answer 39

a triagular shaped bone that contains the fused five sacral vertebrae and articulate with the bones of the pelvis

Question 40

scoliosis

Answer 40

excessive lateral curvature of the spinal column usually in the thoracic spine but sometimes to a lesser extent in the cervical and lumbar spine

Question 41

short sacroiliac ligament

Answer 41

The short sacroiliac ligament runs between the posterior ilium and the lower portions of the sacrum.

Question 42

spinous process

Answer 42

serving as another source for ligamentous and muscular attachemensts

Question 43

supraspinous ligament

Answer 43

Running between the dorsal tips of each vertebra?s spinous process, from the coccyx to the external occipital protuberance of the occipital bone

Question 44

thoracic vertebra

Answer 44

12 in number have longer and more verticle spinous processes a fovea that provide articulation for 12 pairs of ribs.

Question 45

transverse process

Answer 45

Laterally serving as sources for ligamentous and muscular attachments

Question 46

vertebral foramen

Answer 46

where the spinal cord and nerve roots pass

Question 47

How many vertebrae are in the cervical spine? A. 4 B. 5 C. 7 D. 12

Answer 47

C

Question 48

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine? A. 4 B. 5 C. 7 D. 12

Answer 48

D

Question 49

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine? A. 4 B. 5. C. 7 D. 12

Answer 49

B

Question 50

How many vertebrae are in the coccygeal spine? A. 4 B. 5 C. 7 D. 12

Answer 50

A

Question 51

When a person shakes his head to indicate "no" as an answer to a question the primary movement takes place between A. the skull and C1 B. C1 and C2 C. C1 and C7 D. C2 and C7

Answer 51

B

Question 52

Which of the following bones of the pelvic girdle is not of the structure known as the acetabulum? A. ilium B. ischium C. sacrum D. pubic bone

Answer 52

C

Question 53

A forward tilt of the pelvic girdle requires the pubic symphysis to A. move laterally B. move downward C. rotate D. move upward

Answer 53

B

Question 54

A forward tilt of the pelvic girdle requires the sacrum to A. move laterally B. move downward C. rotate D. move upward

Answer 54

D

Question 55

A backward tilt of the pelvic girdle requires the pubic symphysis to A. move laterally B. move downward C. rotate D. move upward

Answer 55

D

Question 56

A bacward tilt of the pelvic girdle requires the sacrum to A. move laterally B. move downward C. rotate D. move upward

Answer 56

B

Question 57

Whick of the following is not considered a fundamental movement of the vertebral column? A. Flexion B. Abduction C. extension D. rotation

Answer 57

B

Question 58

Which of the following bones does not provide an attachment for the sternocleidomastoid muscle? A. Sternum B. clavicle C. mastoid D. humerus

Answer 58

B

Question 59

Considering that there are right and left side scalene muscles under normal conditions how many scalene muscles are there in the cervical spine? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 6

Answer 59

D

Question 60

The erector spinae muscle group supports various segments of the spinal column and is located in what direction relative to the spinal column? A. anterior B. posterior C. superior D. inferior

Answer 60

B

Question 61

Running from the pubic bone to the ribs which of the following muscles is the most likely to be exclusively a flexor of the lumbar spine? A. rectus abdominis B. transverus abdominis C. obliquus externus D. obliquus internus

Answer 61

A

Question 62

Normally the cervical spine has what type of curvature? A. anterior B. posterior C. lateral D. medial

Answer 62

A

Question 63

Under normal conditions the spinal column has anterior curves in the cervical spine and the ____spine.

Answer 63

Lumbar

Question 64

Under normal conditions the spinal column has posterior curves in the coccygeal spine and the ____spine.

Answer 64

Thoracic

Question 65

The ligament of the spinal column that is considered to be the anterior wall of the spinal canal is the ______ ligamnet.

Answer 65

posterior longitudinal

Question 66

The cervical vertebra attached to the skull is known as the ____ .

Answer 66

atlas

Question 67

The anatomical structure that serves as a shock absorber between bodies of the spinal vertebrae is known as the _______ .

Answer 67

intervertebral disc

Question 68

The anterior connection of the two innominate bones is known as the ______ .

Answer 68

pubic symphysis

Question 69

The hamstring muscles originate on the large tuberosity of the ______ .

Answer 69

ischium

Question 70

An excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar spine is known as _______ .

Answer 70

lordosis

Question 71

An excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic spine is known as _____ .

Answer 71

kyphosis

Question 72

An excessive lateral curvature of the spinal column is known as _______ .

Answer 72

scoliosis