Chapter 8 Flashcards
acetabulum
On the lateral aspect of the innominate bone, the three bones (ilium, ischium, pubic bone) form a deep socket This depression is the socket for the triaxial balland-socket hip joint
annulus fibrosus
outer portion of the vertebral disk consisting of fibrous tissue
anterior scroiliac ligament
The anterior sacroiliac ligament runs between the anterior surface of the sacrum and the anterior surface of the ilium
atlantoaxial ligament
attache the atlas and the axis
atlantooccipital ligament
attaches the occipital bone of the skull to the first cervical vertebrae C1 or atlas
atlas
C1 the first cervical vertebrae
axis
C2 are shaped differently from the other five cervical vertebrae C3 - C7 to permit the head to rotate
bifid
(Split) spinous process and a foramen in each transverse process to provide for the passage of blood vessels through the cervical spine.
cervical vertebra
seven in total are numbered from the most superior to most inferioras C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7
coccyx
the final four vertebrae that like the sacrum fuse in adult
costovertebral ligaments
six per rib articulate the 12 pairs of ribs of the thorax with the 12 thoracic vertebrae
dens
large bony process known also as the odontoid process serving as the axis for the atlas
fovea
articulation sites on the 12 thoracic vertibrae that attach to the 12 pairs of ribs
iliolumbar ligament
runs between the transverse processes of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the ilium of the pelvis
inguinal ligament
Running between the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the pubic tubercle is a long ligament serves as a major source of muscular attachments
interosseous ligament
The interosseous ligament is made of short fibers that connect the posterior aspects of the sacroiliac joint.
interspinous ligament
runs between the spinous processes of successive vertebrae
intervertebral disc
cartilaginous (primarily water and protein) discs lie on the bodies of each vertebra and serve both as spacers (to help separate the vertebrae and allow nerve roots to pass from the spinal canal to other structures of the body) and as shock absorbers for the spinal column
intervertebral foramen
allows the nerve branches from the spinal cord to pass between the vertebrae
isthmus
also called the pars interarticularis or neck is the bony area between the superior and inferior articulating facets
kyphosis
Excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (hunch back round shoulders)
lamina
forms the posterior aspect of the vertebral foramen
ligametum flavum
runs between the laminae of successive vertebrae
ligametum nuchae
Between the external occipital protuberance and the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra
long sacroiliac ligament
The long sacroiliac ligament runs between the posterior superior spine of the ilium and the third and fourth vertebrae of the sacrum
lordosis
excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback)
lumbar vertebra
five in number and are the largest vertebrae have no foramen through their transverse processes nor are there any articular facets (fovea)
nucleus pulposus
inner portion of the vertebral disk consisting of consists of soft, pulpy, elastic tissue.
obturator foramen
Beneath the acetabulum is a large foramen formed by the ischium and the pubic bone
occipitoaxial ligament
also known as the membrana tectoria attach the occipital bone of the skull to the dens (odontoid process) of the second cervical vertebrae C2
odontoid process
it is the joint between the atlas C1 attatched to the skull and the axis C2 where rotation of the head occurs
pars interarticularis
also called the isthmus is the bony area between the superior and inferior articulating facets
pedicle
form the lateral sides of the vertebral foramen
posterior sacroiliac ligament
The posterior sacroiliac ligament (figure 8.37) has three sections: the short sacroiliac, the long sacroiliac, and the interosseous
pubic symphysis
The ligaments of the pubic symphysis are the anterior pubic, the inferior (arcuate) pubic, the posterior pubic, and the superior pubic. The function of each of these ligaments is to articulate the anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior aspects of the two pubic bones to form the pubic symphysis. Additionally, there is an interpubic fibrocartilage disc between the pubic bones
pubic tubercle
Just lateral to the pubic symphysis, each pubic bone has a bony prominence on its superior surface
sacrospinous ligament
The sacrospinous ligament runs from the sacrum and coccyx to the spine of the ischium.
sacrotuberous ligament
acrotuberous ligament runs between the posterior inferior spine of the ilium, the sacrum and coccyx, and the ischial tuberosity.
sacrum
a triagular shaped bone that contains the fused five sacral vertebrae and articulate with the bones of the pelvis
scoliosis
excessive lateral curvature of the spinal column usually in the thoracic spine but sometimes to a lesser extent in the cervical and lumbar spine
short sacroiliac ligament
The short sacroiliac ligament runs between the posterior ilium and the lower portions of the sacrum.
spinous process
serving as another source for ligamentous and muscular attachemensts
supraspinous ligament
Running between the dorsal tips of each vertebra?s spinous process, from the coccyx to the external occipital protuberance of the occipital bone
thoracic vertebra
12 in number have longer and more verticle spinous processes a fovea that provide articulation for 12 pairs of ribs.
transverse process
Laterally serving as sources for ligamentous and muscular attachments
vertebral foramen
where the spinal cord and nerve roots pass
How many vertebrae are in the cervical spine? A. 4 B. 5 C. 7 D. 12
C
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine? A. 4 B. 5 C. 7 D. 12
D
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine? A. 4 B. 5. C. 7 D. 12
B
How many vertebrae are in the coccygeal spine? A. 4 B. 5 C. 7 D. 12
A
When a person shakes his head to indicate “no” as an answer to a question the primary movement takes place between A. the skull and C1 B. C1 and C2 C. C1 and C7 D. C2 and C7
B
Which of the following bones of the pelvic girdle is not of the structure known as the acetabulum? A. ilium B. ischium C. sacrum D. pubic bone
C
A forward tilt of the pelvic girdle requires the pubic symphysis to A. move laterally B. move downward C. rotate D. move upward
B
A forward tilt of the pelvic girdle requires the sacrum to A. move laterally B. move downward C. rotate D. move upward
D
A backward tilt of the pelvic girdle requires the pubic symphysis to A. move laterally B. move downward C. rotate D. move upward
D
A bacward tilt of the pelvic girdle requires the sacrum to A. move laterally B. move downward C. rotate D. move upward
B
Whick of the following is not considered a fundamental movement of the vertebral column? A. Flexion B. Abduction C. extension D. rotation
B
Which of the following bones does not provide an attachment for the sternocleidomastoid muscle? A. Sternum B. clavicle C. mastoid D. humerus
B
Considering that there are right and left side scalene muscles under normal conditions how many scalene muscles are there in the cervical spine? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 6
D
The erector spinae muscle group supports various segments of the spinal column and is located in what direction relative to the spinal column? A. anterior B. posterior C. superior D. inferior
B
Running from the pubic bone to the ribs which of the following muscles is the most likely to be exclusively a flexor of the lumbar spine? A. rectus abdominis B. transverus abdominis C. obliquus externus D. obliquus internus
A
Normally the cervical spine has what type of curvature? A. anterior B. posterior C. lateral D. medial
A
Under normal conditions the spinal column has anterior curves in the cervical spine and the ____spine.
Lumbar
Under normal conditions the spinal column has posterior curves in the coccygeal spine and the ____spine.
Thoracic
The ligament of the spinal column that is considered to be the anterior wall of the spinal canal is the ______ ligamnet.
posterior longitudinal
The cervical vertebra attached to the skull is known as the ____ .
atlas
The anatomical structure that serves as a shock absorber between bodies of the spinal vertebrae is known as the _______ .
intervertebral disc
The anterior connection of the two innominate bones is known as the ______ .
pubic symphysis
The hamstring muscles originate on the large tuberosity of the ______ .
ischium
An excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar spine is known as _______ .
lordosis
An excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic spine is known as _____ .
kyphosis
An excessive lateral curvature of the spinal column is known as _______ .
scoliosis
