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Computer Information Systems > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Digital audio

A

Music, speech, and other sounds represented in binary format for use in digital devices

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2
Q

Sampling rate

A

Refers to the number of times per second that a sound is measured during the recording process

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3
Q

Audio compression

A

Reduces the size of a sound file by removing bits that represent extraneous noise and sounds that are beyond the frequencies of normal hearing

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4
Q

Sound card

A

Device that contains a variety of input and output jacks, plus audio processing circuitry

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5
Q

Integrated audio

A

Sound card circuitry that can be built into a computer’s system board

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6
Q

Digital-to-analog converter (DAC)

A

Transforms digital bits into analog waves when you play an audio file

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7
Q

Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

A

Samples live sounds and converts then into digital signals

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8
Q

Streaming audio

A

Plays as its file is downloaded

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9
Q

Digital audio extraction

A

Technical term for ripping

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10
Q

Speech synthesis

A

Process by which machines, such as computers, produce sound that resembles spoken words

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11
Q

Speech recognition

A

Refers to the ability of a machine to understand spoken words

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12
Q

Phoneme

A

A basic sound unit, such as “reh”

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13
Q

Text-to-speech software

A

Generates sounds that are played through your computer’s standard sound card

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14
Q

Bitmap graphic

A

(raster graphic/bitmap) Composed of a grid of dots

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15
Q

Scanner

A

Converts printed images into bitmap graphics

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16
Q

Digital camera

A

Creates a digital images of real objects

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17
Q

CCD (charge-coupled device)

A

A small image sensor that a lens of a digital camera uses to focus the light from an image

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18
Q

Megapixel

A

1 million pixels

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19
Q

Cropping

A

Refers to the process of selecting part of an image

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20
Q

Resolution dependent

A

Quality of the image depends on the resolution, describes a bitmap graphic

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21
Q

Pixel imterpolation

A

Create new pixels by averaging the colors of nearby pixels

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22
Q

Monochrome bitmap

A

Displayed by manipulating the pattern of “off” and “on” pixels displayed on the screen

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23
Q

Grayscale palette

A

One of the 256 shades of gray that a pixel can be

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24
Q

Color palette

A

Defines a selection of colors for an on-screen image

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25
System palette
Collection of colors used for interface elements in an operating system, such as Windows 8
26
Web palette
Collection of colors that display without distortion even on legacy screens that display only 256 colors
27
RGB color model
The way today's color display devices represent color
28
True Color bitmap
A graphic that uses a full range of colors (also known as 24-bit bitmap)
29
Image compression
Refers to any technique that recodes the data in an image file so that it contains fewer bits
30
Lossless compression
Provides the means to compress a file and then reconstitute all the data into its original state
31
Lossy compression
Throws away some of the original data during the compression process
32
Run-length encoding (RLE)
Replaces a series of similarly colored pixels with a binary code that indicates the number of pixels and their colors
33
File compression utility
Uses lossless compression to shrink file size
34
Vector graphic
Consists of a set of instructions for re-creating a picture
35
Digitizing tablet
Device that provides a flat surface for a paper-based drawing and a pen or mouse-like puck that you can use to click the endpoints of each line on the drawing
36
Gradient
Smooth blending of shades from one color to another or from light to dark
37
Metafile
A graphic that contains both bitmap and vector data
38
Raterization
Works by super imposing a grid over a vector image and determining the color for each pixel
39
Tracing software
Locates the edges of objects in a bitmap image and converts the resulting shapes into vector graphics objects
40
SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
Vector graphics that can be used on the Web
41
Flash
Vector graphics that can be used on the Web
42
HTML5 canvas
Container for graphics that are drawn and animated used a scripting language such as JavaScript
43
Digital video
Uses bits to store color and brightness data for each video frame
44
Desktop video
Video that is created on a personal computer and designed to be played back on a similar device
45
Webcam
Built in above the screen of a laptop computer or attached as a peripheral device
46
Video capture
The process of converting analog video signals into digital format
47
Linear editing
Recording a segment from one videotape onto another tape, requires a minimum of two VCRs
48
Nonlinear editing
Requires a computer hard disk and video editing software
49
Aspect ratio
Refers to the relative width and height of the video frame
50
Widescreen
16:9
51
Fullscreen
4:3
52
Codec
Software the compresses a video stream when a video is stored, and decompresses the file when the video is played
53
Compression ratio
Indicates the ratio of compressed data to uncompressed data
54
Bitrate
Refers to the amount of data transferred per second as a video plays
55
Container formats
Another name for video file formats because they hold the compressed video and audio data streams that form a video
56
Transcoding
Digital videos that can be converted from one file format to another
57
Streaming video
Sends a small segment of the video to your computer and begins to play it
58
DVD image
A prototype of your DVD, but it is stored on your computer's hard disk
59
Media content
Includes television shows, movies, music, and books
60
Digital content
A term used for movies and other content that is stored digitally
61
Analog hole
Allows pirates to capture content by using a microphone to record songs as the are output to speakers or using a camcorder to film movies as they are projected in a movie theater
62
Digital rights management (DRM)
Collection of techniques used by copyright holders to limit access to and use of digital content
63
Copy protected
The way in which digital content is protected by proprietary media formats
64
Digital watermark
Pattern of bits, inserted at various places in an image or a content stream, that can be used to track, identify, verify, and control content use
65
Broadcast flag
Set of bits inserted into the data stream that specifies how the stream can and cannot be used
66
CSS (Content Scramble System)
Digital rights management technology designed to encrypt and control the use of content stored on DVDs
67
AACS (Advanced Access Content System)
The primary DRM technology for Blu-ray discs
68
HDCP (High-bandwith Digital Content Protection)
A hardware-based DRM technology that requires compliant devices for content playback

Computer Information Systems (8 decks)

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