Chapter 8 Flashcards
Digital audio
Music, speech, and other sounds represented in binary format for use in digital devices
Sampling rate
Refers to the number of times per second that a sound is measured during the recording process
Audio compression
Reduces the size of a sound file by removing bits that represent extraneous noise and sounds that are beyond the frequencies of normal hearing
Sound card
Device that contains a variety of input and output jacks, plus audio processing circuitry
Integrated audio
Sound card circuitry that can be built into a computer’s system board
Digital-to-analog converter (DAC)
Transforms digital bits into analog waves when you play an audio file
Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
Samples live sounds and converts then into digital signals
Streaming audio
Plays as its file is downloaded
Digital audio extraction
Technical term for ripping
Speech synthesis
Process by which machines, such as computers, produce sound that resembles spoken words
Speech recognition
Refers to the ability of a machine to understand spoken words
Phoneme
A basic sound unit, such as “reh”
Text-to-speech software
Generates sounds that are played through your computer’s standard sound card
Bitmap graphic
(raster graphic/bitmap) Composed of a grid of dots
Scanner
Converts printed images into bitmap graphics
Digital camera
Creates a digital images of real objects
CCD (charge-coupled device)
A small image sensor that a lens of a digital camera uses to focus the light from an image
Megapixel
1 million pixels
Cropping
Refers to the process of selecting part of an image
Resolution dependent
Quality of the image depends on the resolution, describes a bitmap graphic
Pixel imterpolation
Create new pixels by averaging the colors of nearby pixels
Monochrome bitmap
Displayed by manipulating the pattern of “off” and “on” pixels displayed on the screen
Grayscale palette
One of the 256 shades of gray that a pixel can be
Color palette
Defines a selection of colors for an on-screen image
System palette
Collection of colors used for interface elements in an operating system, such as Windows 8
Web palette
Collection of colors that display without distortion even on legacy screens that display only 256 colors
RGB color model
The way today’s color display devices represent color
True Color bitmap
A graphic that uses a full range of colors (also known as 24-bit bitmap)
Image compression
Refers to any technique that recodes the data in an image file so that it contains fewer bits
Lossless compression
Provides the means to compress a file and then reconstitute all the data into its original state
Lossy compression
Throws away some of the original data during the compression process
Run-length encoding (RLE)
Replaces a series of similarly colored pixels with a binary code that indicates the number of pixels and their colors
File compression utility
Uses lossless compression to shrink file size
Vector graphic
Consists of a set of instructions for re-creating a picture
Digitizing tablet
Device that provides a flat surface for a paper-based drawing and a pen or mouse-like puck that you can use to click the endpoints of each line on the drawing
Gradient
Smooth blending of shades from one color to another or from light to dark
Metafile
A graphic that contains both bitmap and vector data
Raterization
Works by super imposing a grid over a vector image and determining the color for each pixel
Tracing software
Locates the edges of objects in a bitmap image and converts the resulting shapes into vector graphics objects
SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
Vector graphics that can be used on the Web
Flash
Vector graphics that can be used on the Web
HTML5 canvas
Container for graphics that are drawn and animated used a scripting language such as JavaScript
Digital video
Uses bits to store color and brightness data for each video frame
Desktop video
Video that is created on a personal computer and designed to be played back on a similar device
Webcam
Built in above the screen of a laptop computer or attached as a peripheral device
Video capture
The process of converting analog video signals into digital format
Linear editing
Recording a segment from one videotape onto another tape, requires a minimum of two VCRs
Nonlinear editing
Requires a computer hard disk and video editing software
Aspect ratio
Refers to the relative width and height of the video frame
Widescreen
16:9
Fullscreen
4:3
Codec
Software the compresses a video stream when a video is stored, and decompresses the file when the video is played
Compression ratio
Indicates the ratio of compressed data to uncompressed data
Bitrate
Refers to the amount of data transferred per second as a video plays
Container formats
Another name for video file formats because they hold the compressed video and audio data streams that form a video
Transcoding
Digital videos that can be converted from one file format to another
Streaming video
Sends a small segment of the video to your computer and begins to play it
DVD image
A prototype of your DVD, but it is stored on your computer’s hard disk
Media content
Includes television shows, movies, music, and books
Digital content
A term used for movies and other content that is stored digitally
Analog hole
Allows pirates to capture content by using a microphone to record songs as the are output to speakers or using a camcorder to film movies as they are projected in a movie theater
Digital rights management (DRM)
Collection of techniques used by copyright holders to limit access to and use of digital content
Copy protected
The way in which digital content is protected by proprietary media formats
Digital watermark
Pattern of bits, inserted at various places in an image or a content stream, that can be used to track, identify, verify, and control content use
Broadcast flag
Set of bits inserted into the data stream that specifies how the stream can and cannot be used
CSS (Content Scramble System)
Digital rights management technology designed to encrypt and control the use of content stored on DVDs
AACS (Advanced Access Content System)
The primary DRM technology for Blu-ray discs
HDCP (High-bandwith Digital Content Protection)
A hardware-based DRM technology that requires compliant devices for content playback
