Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Computer Information Systems > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the digital revolution?

A

An ongoing process of social, political, and economic change brought about by digital technology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Digitization

A

The process of converting text, numbers, sound, photos, and video into data that can be processed by digital devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the significance of digitization?

A

Things as diverse as books, movies, songs, conversations, documents, and photos can all be distilled down to a common set of signals that do not require separate devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is data processing?

A

Based on input-processing-output cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is personal computing?

A

Characterized by small, standalone, computers powered by a local software

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Local software

A

Refers to any software that is installed on a computer’s hard drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What caused the upward swing in computer ownership during the 1990s?

A

As computers became networked and when the internet became opened to the public

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Computer network

A

A group on computers linked together to share data and resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Internet

A

A global computer network originally developed as a military project that was handed over to the National Science Foundation for education and research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Web

A

(World Wide Web) A collection of linked documents, graphics, and sounds that can be accessed over the Internet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is cloud computing?

A

Provides access to information, applications, communications, and storage over the Internet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is convergence?

A

A process by which several technologies with distinct functionalities evolve to form a single product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What role do social media play?

A

Social media are cloud based applications designed for social interaction and consumer-generated content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does digital technology affect freedom and democracy?

A

Because it is easier to cross cultural boundaries, anonymizer tools are necessary in some cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anonymizer tools

A

Cloak a person’s identity even make it possible to exercise freedom of speech in situations where reprisals might repress it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Has digital technology changed the way we view privacy?

A

Social media encourages participants to reveal personal details online, changing our our expectation of what is private and what is not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does digital technology affect intellectual property?

A

Digital technology has made it easier to produce copies with no loss in quality from the original.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Intellectual property

A

Refers to the ownership of certain types of information, ideas, or representations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Open source

A

Promote copying, free distribution, peer review, and user modification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What effect does digital technology have on the economy?

A

Digital technology creates a global economy in which consumers gain access to a wide variety of products from all over the globe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Digital divide

A

A term that refers to the gap between people who have access to technology and those who do not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a computer?

A

A multipurpose device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, all according to a series of stored instructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is input?

A

Input is whatever is typed, submitted, or transmitted to a computer system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is output?

A

Output is the result produced by a computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does “process data” mean?

A

Data refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects, and ideas. Computers manipulate this data in many ways, known as processing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

CPU

A

(central processing unit) Where most processing takes place; The CPU of most modern computers is a microprocessor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Microprocessor

A

An electronic component that can be programmed to perform tasks based on data it receives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How do computers store data?

A

Computers can hold data in memory or storage. Data is stored in files.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Memory

A

An area of a computer that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Storage

A

The area where data can be left on a permanent basis when it is not immediately needed for processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

File

A

A named collection of data that exists on a storage medium such as a hard disk, CD, DVD, or flash drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What’s so significant about a computer’s ability to store instructions?

A

A stored program means that a series of instructions for a computing task can be loaded into a computer’s memory and can easily be replaced when it is time for the computer to do a new task.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Computer program

A

The series of instructions that tells a computer how to carry out processing tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Software

A

Formed by the programs; sets up a computer to do a specific task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What kind of software do computers run?

A

Application software and system software

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Application software

A

A set of computer programs that helps a person carry out a task. Called apps in handheld devices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

System software

A

Helps the computer system monitor itself in order to function efficiently. Ex: Operating system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Operating system

A

The master controller for all the activities that take place within a computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Are computers categorized in any way?

A

Personal computers, severs, mainframes, supercomputers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Personal computer

A

A microprocessor-based computing device designed to meet the computing needs of an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Are handheld devices computers?

A

Handheld devices that allow you to install applications can be classified as personal computers; devices that are not programmable cannot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Is an Xbox a computer?

A

A videogame console is a computer, but would not generally be referred to as a personal computer because of its history as a dedicated game device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is a workstation?

A

A powerful desktop computer used for high-performance tasks that require a lot of processing speed

44
Q

What makes a computer a server?

A

The purpose of a server is to serve computers on a network by supplying them with data

45
Q

Client

A

Any software or digital device that requests data from a server

46
Q

Download

A

Refers to the process of copying a file from a server to your own client computer

47
Q

Upload

A

Refers to the process of copying files from your client computer to a server

48
Q

What’s so special about a mainframe computer?

A

A mainframe is a large and expensive computer capable of simultaneously processing data for hundreds or thousands of users.

49
Q

How powerful is a supercomputer?

A

A computer falls into the supercomputer category if it is, at the time of construction, one of the fastest computers in the world

50
Q

Compute-intensive

A

A problem that requires massive amounts of data to be processed using complex mathematical calculations

51
Q

What is a microcontroller?

A

A special-purpose microprocessor that is built into the machine it controls

52
Q

How does a microcontroller work?

A

Accepts special input and stores this information in memory. The microcontroller processes additional information from the device and responds, as output.

53
Q

Is a microcontroller really a computer?

A

Technically yes, but they tend to be referred to as processors

54
Q

Why are microcontrollers significant?

A

They can be embedded in all sorts of everyday devices, enabling machine to perform specific tasks that require awareness and feedback from the environment

55
Q

What is data?

A

Refers to the symbols that represent people, events, things, and ideas.

56
Q

Is there a difference between data and information?

A

Data is used by machines such as computers, while information is used by humans

57
Q

What is data representation?

A

Refers to the form in which data is stored, processed, and transmitted

58
Q

What is the difference between analog and digital?

A

Digital data is text, numbers, graphics, sound, and video that have been converted into discrete digits such as 0s and 1s,
while analog data is represented using an infinite scale of values

59
Q

How does digital data work?

A

Digital signals are represented by two different voltages, such as +5 volts and .2+ volts or light and dark spots etched onto the surface of a CD or hard disk.

60
Q

Bit

A

A 0 or 1 used in digital representation of data

61
Q

How do digital devices represent numbers?

A

Digital devices represent numerical data, numbers that can be used in arithmetic operations, using the binary system, which consists of the digits 0 and 1

62
Q

How do digital devices represent words and letters?

A

Digital devices use character data, which are letters and symbols that are not used in arithmetic operations, such as ASCII, EBCDIC, and Unicode

63
Q

ASCII

A

(American Standard Code for Information Interchange) Requires only 7 bits for each character, coding for 128 characters

64
Q

EBCDIC

A

(Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange Code) An 8-bit code used by older, mainframe computers

65
Q

Extended ASCII

A

A superset of ASCII that uses 8 bits to represent each character, which codes for 256 characters

66
Q

Unicode

A

Uses sixteen bits and provides codes for 65,000 characters

67
Q

How can bits be used to store images?

A

A image is a series of colored dots and each dot is assigned a binary number according to its color

68
Q

How can bits be used to store sound?

A

A sound wave can be sampled at various time intervals and each sample can be recorded as a binary number and stored

69
Q

How can I tell the difference between bits and bytes?

A

A bit is one binary digit. A byte is a group of eight. Transmission speeds are usually expressed in bits, whereas storage space is typically expressed in bytes

70
Q

Kilo, Mega, Giga, Tera, Peta, Exa

A

2^10, 2^20, 2^30, 2^40, 2^50, 2^60

71
Q

How do digital devices store and transport all those bits?

A

Bits take the form of electrical pulses that can travel over circuits

72
Q

What’s a computer chip?

A

Technical words for integrated circuit, which is a super-thin slice of semiconducting material packed with microscopic circuit elements

73
Q

Semiconducting materials

A

Substances with properties between those of a conductor and an insulator

74
Q

How do chips fit together?

A

The system board houses all essential chips and provides connecting circuity between them

75
Q

How do digital devices process data?

A

These devices work with data under the control of a computer program

76
Q

Who creates programs?

A

Computer programmers crease programs written in high-level programming language

77
Q

Source code

A

The human-readable version of a program

78
Q

How does a source code get converted?

A

The procedure for translating source code is into 0s and 1s can be accomplished by a complier or an interpreter.

79
Q

Complier

A

Converts all the statements in a program in a single batch

80
Q

Object code

A

The human-readable collection of instructions that results from a compiler and is placed in a file

81
Q

Interpreter

A

An alternative to a complier; Converts and executes one statement at a time while the program is running

82
Q

Instruction set

A

The limited set of activities that a microprocessor is hardwired to perform

83
Q

Machine language

A

The list of codes for a microprocessor’s instruction set that can be directly executed by the processor’s circuitry

84
Q

Machine code

A

A set of machine language instructions for a program which has two parts, an op code and the operand

85
Q

Op code

A

(Operation code) Command word for an operation

86
Q

Operand

A

Specifies the data or the address of the data for the operation

87
Q

What happens inside a computer chip?

A

Different kinds of operational units, such as the ALU and control unit, perform tasks

88
Q

ALU

A

(Arithmetic logic unit) Part of the microprocessor that performs arithmetic operations and logical operations; Uses registers to hold data that is being processed

89
Q

Control Unit

A

Fetches each instruction from the ALU’s registers

90
Q

Instruction cycle

A

Refers to the process in which a computer executes a single instruction

  1. ) Fetch instruction
  2. ) Interpret instruction
  3. ) Execute instruction
  4. ) Increment pointer to the next instruction
91
Q

What role does the control unit play?

A

The control unit fetches the instruction. It can then interpret the instruction, gather the specified data, or tell the ALU to begin processing

92
Q

When does the ALU swing into action?

A

When it gets a go signal from the control unit, the ALU processes the data and places the result in an accumulator, where it can be sent to memory or used for further processing

93
Q

Authentication protocol

A

Refers to any method that confirms a person’s identity using something the person knows, possesses, or is

94
Q

Biometrics

A

A method of identification that involves physical properties

95
Q

User ID

A

Series of characters that become a person’s unique identifier

96
Q

Case sensitive

A

Differentiates between uppercase and lowercase

97
Q

Password

A

A series of characters that verifies a user ID and guarantees that you are the person you claim to be

98
Q

Identity theft

A

When someone gains unauthorized access to your personal data and uses it illegally

99
Q

Dictionary attack

A

Helps hackers guess your password by using a dictionary that contains thousands of the most commonly used passwords

100
Q

Brute force attack

A

A password-cracking software that exhausts all possible combinations of letters to decrypt a password

101
Q

Sniffing

A

Intercepts information sent out over a network

102
Q

Phishing

A

An approach in which a hacker poses as a legitimate representative of an official organization and persuades you to disclose highly confidential information

103
Q

Keylogger

A

A software that secretly records a user’s keystrokes and sends the information to a hacker; Form of a malicious code called a Trojan horse

104
Q

Password manager

A

stores user IDs with their corresponding passwords and automatically fills in login forms

105
Q

Password manager software

A

Software application that feeds passwords into login forms regardless of the software you’re using

Computer Information Systems (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions