Chapter 7 Flashcards
Web
A collection of document, image, video, and sound files that can be linked and accessed over the Internet using a protocol called HTTP
Hypertext
Computer system that can store literary documents, link them according to logical relationships, and allow readers to comment and annotate what they need
Web 2.0
Includes Web-based applications
Web 3.0
Includes cloud computing
Web site
Typically contains a collection of related information organized and formatted so it can be accessed using software called a browser
Web server
An Internet-based computer that accepts requests from browsers
Web page
Product or output of one or more Web-based files displayed in a format similar to a page in a book
Web browser
A client software that displays Web page elements and handles links between pages
Hypertext link
Can be used to access a Web page
URL
Uniform Resource Locator; A unique address for a Web page
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language; Set of specifications for creating documents that a browser can display as a Web page
Markup language
A language that authors use to mark up documents by inserting special inserting special instructions called HTML tags (Ex. HTML)
HTML tags
Specify how the document should appear when displayed on a computer screen or printed
XHTML
Markup language very similar to HTML, but it can be customized with tags that describe the data in databases
HTML document
Similar to a word processing file, but has an .htm or .html extension
Source document
Another name for an HTML document, because it is the source of the HTML tags used to construct a Web page
HTTP
A protocol that works with TCP/IP to get Web resources to your desktop
Socket
An abstract concept that represents one end of a connection
Persistent HTTP connection
Reuses the same HTTP connection to send and receive multiple requests
HTTP status code
Web server’s response to a browser’s request; Indicates whether the browser’s request could be fulfilled
Web cache
Temporary files with material from when your browser fetches pages and graphics from a Web page
Plug-in
A program that extends a browser’s ability to work with file formats
Cookie
Small chunk of data generated by a Web server and stored on a text file on your computer’s hard disk
What do websites use cookies for?
- Monitor your path
- Gather information
- Collect personal information
HTML conversion utility
Adds HTML tags to a document, spreadsheet, or other text-based file to create an HTML document that can be displayed by a browser
Web authoring software
A Web page creating software that provides tools specifically designed to enter and format Web page text, graphics, and links
HTML form
Uses the tag to accept typed input
Client-side
The process that occurs when an HTML source document that’s received by your local browser handles interactions
Server-side
The process that occurs when interactions are handled by a remote server
JavaScript
Computer scripting language commonly used to add logic and other programmable elements to a Web page
Web search engine
Program designed to help people locate information on the Web by formulating simple queries consisting of one or more words called keywords or search terms
Web crawler
A program that combs the Web to gather data that’s representative of the contents of Web pages
Indexer
Processes the information gathered by the crawler into a list of keywords and URLs stored in a database
Database
Stores billions of index references to Web pages
Query processor
Allows you to access the database by entering search terms, and then produces a list of Web pages that contain content relevant to your query
Link popularity
A measure of the quality and quantity of the links from one Web page to others
Meta keyword
Entered into a header section of a Web page when it is created and is supposed to describe the page contents
Keyword stuffing
An unethical practice in which meta keywords are manipulated to gain high relevancy rankings
Sponsored links
Paid ads that are bumped to the top positions on the results list
Search terms
One or more words related to the information you want to find
Search operator
A word or symbol that describes a relationship between search terms and thereby helps you create a more focused query
Metasearch engine
Searches a series of other search engines and complies the search results
E-commerce
Refers to business transactions that are conducted electronically over a computer network
B2C
Business to consumer
C2C
Consumer to consumer
B2G
Business to government
Banner ad
Advertisement embedded at the top of a Web page
Hover ad
Overlays the content on a Web page
Pop-up ad
Advertisement that appears in a separate window when you connect to a Web page
Click-through rate
The number of times that site visitors click the ad to connect to the advertiser’s site
Ad blocking software
Prevents ads from appearing on consumers’ screens
Online shopping cart
A cyberspace version of the metal cart you wheel around a store and fill up with merchandise
Secure connection
Encrypts the data transmitted between your computer and a Web site
SSL
(Secure Sockets Layer) Protocol that encrypts data traveling between a client computer and an HTTP server
TLS
(Transport Layer Security) Protocol that encrypts data traveling between a client computer and an HTTP server
HTTPS
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) Combination of HTTP and SSL/TLS that provides a secure connection for Web-based transactions
Person-to-person payment
Offers an alternative to credit cards; Ex. PayPal
E-mail message
An electronic document transmitted over a computer network
E-mail system
Made up of the computer and software that provide e-mail services
E-mail server
A computer that essentially acts as a central post office for a group of people
How do I get access to e-mail?
- Internet connection
- E-mail account
- E-mail software
E-mail account
Gets your electronic mailbox set up on an e-mail server
E-mail client software
The software you use to send, receive, and manage messages
Local e-mail
E-mail systems based on local client software
Webmail
Systems that provide access to e-mail through a browser
E-mail address
A unique address linked to your e-mail account that provides information necessary to route messages to a specified mailbox
Store-and-forward
The process by which an Internet-based e-mail server stores incoming messages until an e-mail client is launched. Messages are then downloaded to a folder on a local storage device.
POP3
(Post Office Protocol version 3) Protocol used to manage incoming mail
IMAP
(Internet Message Access Protocol) Protocol used to manage incoming mail
SMTP
(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) Protocol that handles outgoing mail
HTML mail
Term used for e-mail messages containing HTML tags that produce bold, italicized, and underlined text; fancy fonts; embedded graphics; and various font sizes
E-mail attachment
Any file that travels with an e-mail message
MIME
(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Provides a clever way of disguising digital photos, sounds, and other media as plain ASCII code that can travel over the Internet with text-based e-mail data
Netiquette
Online jargon for Internet ettiquette
Ad-serving cookies
Data in cookies is used simply to select and display ads that might interest you
First-party cookie
Created by the Web site that your are visiting
Third-party cookie
A cookie that is set by an affiliated site
Private browsing
Provides additional ways to surf the Internet without accumulating a trail of cookies
Flash cookies
Flash equivalent of a conventional Web cookie
Anonymous proxy service
Uses an intermediary, or proxy, server to relay Web page requests after masking the originating IP address
Web bug
A 1x1 pixel graphic embedded in a Web page or an e-mail message
Antispyware
A type of security software designed to identify and neutralize Web bugs, ad-serving cookies, and other spyware
Spam
Unwanted electronic junk mail about medical products, low-cost loans, and fake software upgrades that arrives in your online mailbox
Spam filter
A type of utility software that captures unsolicited e-mail messages before they reach your inbox
Phishing
An e-mail based scam that’s designed to persuade you to reveal confidential information such as your bank account or Social Security number
Pharming
An exploit that redirects users to fake security sites by poisoning a domain name server with a false IP address
