Chapter 8

Question 0

What a culture is learned by an outsider, the stranger tends to acquire theoretical and normative information called?

Answer 0

Etic knowledge

Question 1

Knowledge of the cultural learned from the inside; this type of knowledge constitutes the rules noon from inside of the culture and as such are seldom organize or consciously discussed.

Answer 1

Emic knowledge

Question 2

Understanding dominant cultural values and understanding how our own cultural values affect the way we perceive others and ourselves is a requirement of?

Answer 2

Intercultural communication competence

Question 3

The degree to which organizational and societal institutional practices encourage and reward collective distribution of resources and collective action

Answer 3

Institutional collectivism

Question 4

The degree to which individuals expressed pride, loyalty, and cohesiveness in their organizations and families

Answer 4

In-group collectivism

Question 5

The degree to which an organization or society minimizes general differences while promoting gender equality, women earning an income, and women having access to resources

Answer 5

gender equality

Question 6

The degree to which members of an organization or society expects and agree that power should be concentrated at higher levels of the organization or government

Answer 6

Power distance

Question 7

The extent to which members of an organization or society strive to avoid uncertainty by relying on established social norms, rituals, and bureaucratic practices

Answer 7

Uncertainty avoidance

Question 8

The degree to which individuals and organizations are societies engage and future oriented behaviors such as planning, investing in the future, and delaying individual and collective gratification

Answer 8

Future orientation

Question 9

The degree to which individuals and organizations and societies encourage and reward individuals for being fair, friendly, generous, caring and kind to others

Answer 9

Human orientation

Question 10

The degree to which an organization encourages and rewards group members for performance improvement and excellence

Answer 10

Performance orientation

Question 11

Human culture problem: what is the human beings relation to nature?

Answer 11

Human being-nature orientation

Question 12

Human culture problem: what is the modality of human activity?

Answer 12

Activity orientation

Question 13

Human culture problem: what is the temporal focus of human life?

Answer 13

Time orientation

Question 14

Human culture problem: what is the character of innate human nature?

Answer 14

Human nature orientation

Question 15

Human culture problem: what is the relationship of the individual to others?

Answer 15

Relational orientation

Question 16

Value orientation theory that describes worldview and considers how humans dominate, live with, or are subjugated to nature

Answer 16

Human-being nature

Question 17

Value orientation theory which describes people and the culture “being” (passively excepting), “being-in-becoming” (transforming), or “doing” (initiating action”.

Answer 17

Activity orientation

Question 18

Value orientation theory describing the emphasis the culture places on the past, the present, or the future

Answer 18

Time orientation

Question 19

Value orientation theory describing weather humans are primarily evil, primarily good, or a mixture of both

Answer 19

Human nature orientation

Question 20

Value orientation theory describing the way the culture organize his interpersonal relationships: linear hierarchy, group identification or individualism

Answer 20

Relational orientation

Question 21

Deals with the cultures most fundamental beliefs about its place in the cosmos, beliefs about God, and beliefs about the nature of humanity and nature. It also refers to the philosophical ideas of being

Answer 21

Worldview

Question 22

Huntington argues that the world can be divided into eight major “cultural zones”. How are the zones identified?

Answer 22

By religion

Question 23

What are the eight major cultural zones described by Huntington?

Answer 23

Western Christianity, the Orthodox world, the Islamic world, and the confusion, Japanese, Hindu, African, and Latin American zones.

Question 24

Throughout the 19th century religious discourse in the United States was dominated by __ ___ __ conservatives of European heritage.

Answer 24

White male Protestant

Question 25

Among the world’s industrialized nations, the __ __ is the most religious

Answer 25

United states

Question 26

True or false?

The United States has levels of religiosity and national pride comparable to those found in developing societies.

Answer 26

True, the United States continues to have a much more traditional value system than any other advanced industrial society.

Question 27

People in the United States of the strong faith in the __ __ of solving problems.

Answer 27

scientific method

Question 28

If there is one value that most of the world attributes to the United States it is __, or the belief the possessions are important in life.

Answer 28

materialism

Question 29

The term __ __ refers to the use of time for self-expression and play, self-improvement and development, and work

Answer 29

activity orientation

Question 30

To believe that humans are __ is to believe that humans act on the basis of reason

Answer 30

rational

Question 31

The term __ means subject to change; this, then, refers to the belief that human nature can be changed by society.

Answer 31

mutability

Question 32

True or false?
Generally, people in the United States to find self in terms of occupation rather than in terms of family or other relationships

Answer 32

True

Question 33

The United States is characterized to a high degree by individualism as opposed to collectivism. The US character strives for _ and _

Answer 33

Independence and individuality

Question 34

A withdrawing into individual private shells

Answer 34

Hyper individualism

Question 35

In the US, times you both as a commodity and in a __ fashion

Answer 35

linear

Question 36

According to Alexis do Tocqueville, democratic nations prefer the useful to the beautiful

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Faith in rationality infused Western culture and stimulated the pursuit of science and capitalism.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Due to changing emigrant patterns, people in the US define self in terms of family or other relationships.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

US acceptance of technology is reflected by the fact that into thousand nine, people over the age of 15 spent 75% of their leisure time watching television, playing games, and using the Internet.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

Term that means “subject to change”.

Answer 40

Mutability

Question 41

McClelland argues that economic development in the West was largely built by individuals motivated with a high need for achievement.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

The cultural patterns term activity orientation refers to the use of time.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Perceptions of the self are included in the cultural patterns human nature orientation

Answer 43

False

Question 44

The cultural patterns her neck to the orientation includes conceptions of time

Answer 44

False

Question 45

In contrast to people in France, people in the US define class boundaries based more on intelligence and refinement rather than money and power

Answer 45

False

Question 46

If there is one value the rest of the world now tributes to the United States, it is materialism

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Kluckholn and Stodtbeck argue that all human cultures are confronted with universally shared problems emerging from relationships with fellow beings, time, activities, and nature.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

The term worldview includes beliefs about the nature of humanity and nature.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Conformity is a part of which Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck value orientation?

Answer 49

Relational