Chapter 8 Flashcards
A long, thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain and allows communication between them.
Corpus callosum
The process by which axons become coated with myelin, a fatty substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron.
Myelination
Literally, sidedness, referring to the specialization in certain functions by each side of the brain, with one side dominant for each activity.
Lateralization
The tendency to persevere in, or stick to, one thought or action for a long time.
Perseveration
A tiny brain structure that registers emotions, particularly fear and anxiety.
Amygdala
A brain structure that is a central processor of memory, especially memory for locations.
Hippocampus
A brain area that responds to the amygdala and the hippocampus to produce hormones that activate other parts of the brain and body.
Hypothalamus
Practices that are aimed at anticipating, controlling, and preventing dangerous activities.
Injury control/harm reduction
Actions that change overall background conditions to prevent some unwanted event or circumstance, such as injury, disease, or abuse.
Primary prevention
Actions that avert harm in a high-risk situation, such as stopping a car before it hits a pedestrian.
Secondary prevention
Actions, such as immediate and effective medical treatment, that are taken after an adverse event occurs and that are aimed at reducing the harm of preventing disability.
Tertiary prevention
Intentional harm to or avoidable endangerment of anyone under 18 years of age.
Child maltreatment
Deliberate action that is harmful to a child’s physical, emotional, or sexual well-being.
Child abuse
Failure to meet a child’s basic physical, educational, or emotional needs.
Child neglect
Harm or endangerment about which someone has notified the authorities.
Reported maltreatment
