Chapter 4

Question 0

The stage of prenatal development from approximately the third through the eighth week after conception, during which the basic forms of all body structures, including internal organs, develop.

Answer 0

Embryonic Period

Question 1

The first two weeks of prenatal development after conception, characterized by rapid cell division and the beginning of cell differentiation.

Answer 1

Germinal Period

Question 2

The stage of prenatal development from the ninth week after conception until birth, during which the fetus gains 7lbs and organs become more mature, gradually able to function on their own.

Answer 2

Fetal Period

Question 3

The process, beginning about 10 days after conception, in which the developing organism burrows into the placenta that lines the uterus, where it can be nourished and protected as it continues to develop.

Answer 3

Implantation

Question 4

The name for a developing human organism from about the third through the eighth week after conception.

Answer 4

Embryo

Question 5

The name for a developing human organism from the start of the ninth week after conception until birth.

Answer 5

Fetus

Question 6

An image of a fetus (or an internal organ) produced by using high-frequency sound waves.

Answer 6

Ultrasound

Question 7

The age (about 22 weeks after conception) at which a fetus might survive outside the mother’s uterus if specialized medical care is available.

Answer 7

Age of Viability

Question 8

A quick assessment of a newborn’s health. Score out of five twice right after birth. Total possible score of 10.

Answer 8

Apgar Scale

Question 9

A surgical birth, in which incisions through the mother’s abdomen and uterus allow the fetus to be removed quickly, instead of being delivered through the vagina.

Answer 9

Cesarean Section (C-Section)

Question 10

A woman who helps with the birth process.

Answer 10

Doula

Question 11

Agents and conditions, including viruses, drugs, and chemicals, that can impair prenatal development and result in birth defects or even death.

Answer 11

Teratogens

Question 12

Agents and conditions that can harm the prenatal brain, impairing the future child’s intellectual and emotional functioning.

Answer 12

Behavioral Teratogens

Question 13

In prenatal development, when a teratogen is relatively harmless in small doses but becomes harmful once exposure reaches a certain level (the threshold).

Answer 13

Threshold Effect

Question 14

A cluster of birth defects, including abnormal facial characteristics, slow physical growth, and retarded mental development, that may occur in the fetus of a woman who drinks alcohol while pregnant.

Answer 14

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Question 15

The result of a laboratory test that reports something as true when in facts it is not true.

Answer 15

False Positive

Question 16

A body weight at birth of less that 5.5lbs (2500grams).

Answer 16

Low Birthweight (LBW)

Question 17

A body weight at birth of less than 3lbs 5 ounces (1500grams).

Answer 17

Very Low Birthweight (VLBW)

Question 18

A body weight at birth of less than 2lbs 3ounces (1000grams).

Answer 18

Extremely Low Birthweight (ELBW)

Question 19

A birth that occurs three or more before the full 38 weeks of the typical pregnancy-that is, at 35 or fewer weeks after conception

Answer 19

Preterm

Question 20

A term for a baby whose birthweight is significantly lower than expected, given the time since conception.

Answer 20

Small for Gestational Age (SGA)

Question 21

A disorder that results from damage to the brain’s motor centers. Speech and body movement is impaired.

Answer 21

Cerebral Palsy

Question 22

A lack of oxygen that, if prolonged, can cause brain damage or death.

Answer 22

Anoxia

Question 23

A test often administered to newborns that measures responsiveness and records 46 behaviors, including 20 reflexes.

Answer 23

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

Question 24

An unlearned, involuntary action or movement in response to a stimulus. A reflex occurs without a conscious thought.

Answer 24

Reflex

Question 25

Symptoms of pregnancy and birth experienced by fathers.

Answer 25

Couvade

Question 26

Cooperation between a mother and a father based on their mutual commitment to their children. In a parental alliance, the parents support each other in their shared parental roles.

Answer 26

Parental Alliance

Question 27

A new mother’s feeling of inadequacy and sadness in the days and weeks after going birth.

Answer 27

Postpartum Depression

Question 28

The strong, loving connection that forms as parents hold, examine, and feed their newborn.

Answer 28

Parent-Infant Bond