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Environmental Science > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Genetic diversity

A

Total number of genetic characteristics of a specific species, subspecies, or group of species

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1
Q

What is biological diversity

A

Refers to the variety of life in an area
Expressed in 2 ways
Number of species in an area
Number of genetic types in an area

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2
Q

Habitat diversity

A

The different kinds of habitats in a given unit area

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3
Q

Species richness

A

Total number of species

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4
Q

Species evenness

A

Relative abundance of species

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5
Q

Species dominance

A

The most abundant species

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6
Q

Number of species on Earth

A

1.5 million species have been identified

Estimated at almost 3 million different species currently exist

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7
Q

Categorized into taxa

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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8
Q

Mutation

A

Changes in DNA

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9
Q

Natural selection

A

Survival of the fittest

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10
Q

Migration

A

Introducing I removing isolation

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11
Q

Genetic drift

A

Chance changes in the frequency of a gene

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12
Q

Four primary characteristics of natural selection

A

Genetic variability
Environmental variability
Differential reproduction that varied with the environment
Influence off the environment on survival and reproduction

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13
Q

When two populations become geographically isolated for a long time

A

Differences accumulate so that they no longer reproduce

Two new species have formed

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14
Q

Genetic drift

A

Changes in frequency of a gene in a population simply by chance

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15
Q

Founder defect

A

Small number of individuals are isolated from larger population
Less genetic variation than original population
Characteristics present are affected by chance
Individuals may not be better adapted

16
Q

Competition

A

The outcome is negative for both groups

17
Q

Symbiosis

A

Benefits both participants

18
Q

Predation and parasitism

A

The outcome benefits one and is detrimental to the other

19
Q

Competitive exclusion principle

A

Two species that have exactly the same requirements cannot coexist in exactly the same habitat

20
Q

Biomes

A

Similar environments provide similar opportunities and similar constraints
Leads to evolution of organisms similar in form and function
Rule of climatic similarity

21
Q

Divergent evolution

A

Population is divided and each evolves separately

22
Q

In save species

A

Introduction is a prices not native to an ecosystem
May have few, if any, predators
May compete with, and reduce numbers of, native species

Environmental Science (12 decks)

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