Chapter 8 Flashcards
Functions of Flooring
Impact on visual and tactile appreciation of building
Impact on acoustics
Interaction with light
Primary wearing surface
Features to consider
Skid resistance Sanitation Noise reduction Electrical conductivity Combustibility Fire resistance rating Structural loads
Performance Issues
Noise reduction
Skid resistance
Fire resistance
Noise reduction
Impact noise is transmitted as structureborne vibration through the materials of the floor to become airborne noise in room below
Many floor-ceiling assemblies are rated for STC and IIC
Strategies for dealing with impact noise in flooring
padded carpeting, cushioned resilient flooring, underlay with resilient material like cellulose fiber panels and nonwoven plastic filament matting, use airtight ceiling below with resilient clips
Skid resistance
Static Coefficient of Friction (SCOF) is used to measure skid resistance. A SCOF of 0.5 or more is desirable to minimize accidents caused by slipping
ADA recommends 0.6 for accessible routes, 0.8 for ramps
Fire resistance
Floor finish materials must meet code requirements with respect to resistance to ignition by radiant heat and flame spread
Wood Flooring
Wood is used in several different forms as finish flooring material
Solid wood tongue-and-groove strip flooring
made from many hardwood and softwood species. They are blind nailed in place
Plank flooring
solid wood flooring which comes in wider strips. They are fastened by screws which are countersunk and then plugged
Engineered wood flooring
refers to a factory made wood flooring of many different types
Parquet wood flooring
varying hues arranged in patterns
Floating floors
wood floors that are not nailed or glued
Plastic laminate flooring
composed of planks or large tiles that have wood composite core
Wood block flooring
made of small blocks of wood set in adhesive with their grain oriented vertically
Bamboo Flooring
A rapidly growing grass can be manufactured into flooring.
The flooring is produced as a laminate product with laminations either vertical or horizontal.
The flooring is more stable than flooring made of conventional wood.
It can be provided as a solid laminate strip or an engineered product.
Hard Flooring Materials
Hard flooring material are often chosen for their resistance to wear and moisture
They are not comfortable but are very beautiful and desirable
Concrete
Can have many different finishes
Used for garages, industrial buildings, commercial and institutional buildings
Color can be added
It has low initial cost and high durability but requires proper workmanship
Stone
Many types with different surface textures are used in buildings
Installation is simple but requires high skill for bedding
Require clear sealer coating and periodic maintenance
Bricks and Brick Pavers
Both bricks and half thickness bricks called pavers are used for finish flooring
Bricks are laid with their largest surface horizontal or on edge
Decorative joint patterns can be designed
Quarry Tiles
They are large, fired clay tiles usually square but also available in other shapes
Thickness range from 3/8 inch to 1 inch (9mm to 25mm)
Usually set in reinforced mortar bed
Glazed or unglazed tile, usually larger than 6sq. in.
Made from natural clay or shale by extrusion
Ceramic Tiles
Fired clay tiles smaller than quarry tiles are called ceramic tiles.
Made from clay and other ceramic materials
They are usually glazed and available in many colors and shapes, but are also available unglazed
Grout color has a significant influence on the appearance of the surface
A slip sheet or cleavage membrane is used over substrate that are prone to deflection
Crack isolation membranes or uncoupling membranes are used in thin set application over problem areas
Ceramic Mosaic Tile
Formed by dust-pressed or extrusion method
¼”-3/8” thick, less than 6sq. in.
Terrazzo
It is very durable and made by grinding and polishing concrete that consists of marble or granite chips
There are many different methods of installing terrazzo
Advantages include durability, water resistance, and wide variety of patterns/colors
Matrix usually white portland cement, sand, and water
Epoxy or polyester resin matrices used for thin-set applications
Usually finished with 80-grit stone grinder; concrete floors can also be finished in same manner – see image at right
Thin-Set Tile Method
Cementitious panel nailed to subfloor
Thin coating of dry-set or latex-portland cement mortar with latex-portland cement grout
Subfloor must be level, free from dirt
Full Mortar Bed Method
Tile and reinforced mortar bed separated from structural floor by cleavage membrane
Allows for movement, floor level variations
Underfloor Services – Raised Access Flooring
Raised access flooring is advantageous in buildings where wiring changes are frequent and unpredictable
Has virtually unlimited capability to meet future needs
Ductwork for air distribution (1) can also be designed to be carried in it allowing the ceiling to be exposed
