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CTech > Chapter 5 Glazing > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Glazing Flashcards

1
Q

Glazing:

A

is the installation of glass in framing. Glazing also refers to glass uses in the construction of a building.

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2
Q

Glass Ingredients

A
  • Sand (silicone dioxide)
  • Soda ash (sodium hydroxide or -sodium carbonate)
  • Lime (calcium)
  • Alumina
  • Potassium oxide
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3
Q

Glass thickness

A

Thicknesses range from approximately 3/32 inch (single strength) to 1/8 inch (double strength) to 1 inch.

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4
Q

Annealed glass

A

Regular float glass which is cooled slowly to reduce in built stress

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5
Q

Tempered glass

A

Produced by cutting annealed glass to required size, reheating and then cooling rapidly. Higher strength and breaks into small shards. Specify horizontal tempering to avoid ‘tong marks’. Once tempered it cannot be cut.

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6
Q

Laminated glass

A

Sandwich of multiple layers of glass with PVB interlayer. Suitable for security applications as glass stays in place. Good for acoustical control; should be combined with tempered glass where high impact resistance is important

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7
Q

Fire-rated glass

A

Ceramic glass, gel-filled glass, tempered fire-protected glass; range from 30 minutes to 2 hours of protection

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8
Q

Wired glass

A

Mesh of wire embedded in glass. Used primarily in fire-rated opening assemblies in non-hazardous locations. Wired glass cannot be tempered

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9
Q

Figured/patterned glass

A

Produced by passing molten glass through rollers with pressed-in patterns

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10
Q

Float Glass

A

the most common types of glass produced, replaced plate glass. normally clear but can be tinted blue. bronze, grey or green.

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11
Q

Mirrored glass

A

Made by depositing thin film of metal/metallic oxide on glass; protective backing applied over film. Text says mechanical attachment required, but adhesives can be used in some circumstances, if properly applied

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12
Q

Patterned glass

A

Hot glass can be rolled into sheets with many different surface textures and patterns to obscure vision for privacy; one type is also known as cathedral glass

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13
Q

Fritted glass

A

Pigmented glass particles called frits are used to imprint glass. Glass is dried and fired in tempering furnace to make it permanent

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14
Q

Etched glass

A

Created by using acid or sandblasting to remove portion of glass surface

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15
Q

Stained glass

A

Produced by adding metal oxides during glass manufacturing. Often used in small pieces, set in lead/zinc ‘cames’; assembly then set in heavier frame. If used overhead, a tempered or laminated glass protective layer must be used below stained glass.

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16
Q

Hand-blown glass

A

Made by blowing a bubble of glass, then cutting & flattening as required. Irregularities due to process create unique patterns

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17
Q

Opalescent glass

A

Machine-formed by mixing one or more colors into glass; has marbleized appearance

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18
Q

Dichroic glass

A

Thin layers of metal oxides applied to glass surface; although clear, it filters & reflects certain colors, while allowing others to pass through the glass

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19
Q

Cast glass

A

Produced by pouring molten glass into a mold; mold is made by pressing positive model into specially prepared sand

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20
Q

Kiln-formed glass

A

Flat glass that is heated to cause it to sag over a mold; one side develops texture/relief, while other side remains smooth. Can be tempered, drilled, notched, and fitted into other building components

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21
Q

Bent Glass

A

Glass shaped while hot into cylindrical or other curved surfaces. Can be tempered, laminated, insulating, wire, or patterned glass

22
Q

Decorative laminated glass

A

Laminated glass with interlayers of opaque/translucent colored film, wire mesh, rice paper, and other materials

23
Q

Electrochromic glazing

A

Glazing that changes when electric current is applied; transforms from either dark tint or milky white to clear

24
Q

Other specialty glazing

A

Mainly used on building exteriors; photochromic and thermochromic glass respond to light changes and temperature changes, respectively. UV and electromagnetic resisting glass also available

25
Q

Interior glazing is not subject to excessive wind force or stresses due to thermal expansion, so member sizes can be smaller; in some cases, framing can be eliminated

A

True

26
Q

Glass framing should have ___” min. shim space, and glass should be _____ than opening size to allow for movement & installation

A

¼” , smaller

27
Q

Glass should be isolated from frame; setting blocks used in sill to avoid point load transmission to glass

A

true

28
Q

Some text images show sealant/gaskets on only one side of glass; is this a good or bad practice? why?

A
  • this is not good practice – better to have sealant/gasket on both sides of glass.
  • Must have removable stop to provide for glass installation; usually secured with screws or finish nails
29
Q

Steel (hollow-metal) framing

A
  • Typically required for fire-rated openings or to match adjacent hollow-metal door framing
  • 16-18 gauge steel, bent into profiles; rounded corners
  • Must have removable stop to provide for glass installation; usually secured with screws on inside (secure side) of glass
30
Q

Aluminum framing

A
  • Used where fire rating is not required
  • Durable, easy to fabricate, compatible with aluminum door framing
  • Frames are extruded – sharp corners
  • Removable stop snaps into place – no visible fasteners
31
Q

Frameless glazing

A
  • Minimizes appearance of head, sill, & jamb framing; glass appears to float within opening
  • Jamb framing often eliminated; glass held away from wall; sometimes open gap left where acoustic separation not critical
32
Q

“double angle”

A

head, to allow for raising glass into place.

33
Q

A Deep Channel can be used for what?

A

particularly where long expanse of glass occurs in gypsum board ceiling.

34
Q

Glass thickness depends on?

A

the opening size, acceptable glass movement (“Shake”); ¼” min, 3/8” preferred

35
Q

Laminated glass should be used when sound control desired; jambs should be sealed

A

True

36
Q

When privacy is required, such as in a conference room, recessed blind/drape pockets can be created

A

True

37
Q

Butt-joint glazing system

A
  • Head and sill of the glass sheets are supported conventionally in metal frames, but vertical mullions are eliminated
  • The vertical joints between sheets of glass are made by injection of clear silicone sealant
  • There is a strong effect of unbroken horizontal band of glass around the building
38
Q

Text indicates black silicone preferred vs. clear silicone, due to bubbles, objectionable appearance; designer should specify…..

A

installation shall be ‘free of bubbles’ in specifications document in order to achieve desirable result

39
Q

Suspended Glazing Systems and Glass Mullion System

A
  • Used primarily for high walls of glass around building lobbies
  • Tempered glass sheets are suspended from above and stabilized by tempered glass perpendicular stiffeners
  • Metal fittings are used to join multiple sheets of glass
  • Stainless steel cables and fittings are used in roof applications
40
Q

Suspended Glazing Systems and Glass Mullion System are typically used where?

A

This type of system typically used on building exterior, but can be used on interior, for very large glass surfaces

41
Q

“Saddle”

A

A suspended glazing system with “saddle” a curvature keeps the entire wall system in tension.

42
Q

spider fittings and cable system must do what?

A

must resist wind, seismic, and dead loads without inducing bending forces in the glass or creating stress concentrations around the points of attachment

43
Q

The glass wall obtains additional stiffness where the cable system is tied to adjacent columns.

A

True

44
Q

Safety glazing is required where?

A
  • Building codes require safety glazing in hazardous locations
  • Swinging doors, fixed/sliding panels of sliding doors, panels in sliding & bi-fold closet doors
  • Unframed swinging doors
  • Doors & enclosures for hot tubs, whirlpools, saunas, steam rooms, bathtubs, and showers
  • Guards & railings
  • Panels within 36” of a walking surface, and within 18” of a floor
  • Panels adjacent to doors, within 24” of door
45
Q

Coordination

A
  • Verify maximum size that can be carried in elevators, stairways, doorways, etc.
  • Specify horizontally tempered glass to avoid tong marks in glass
  • Use same thickness glass for frameless sidelites at glass doors
  • Consider marking full-height glass to avoid having people run into glass; graphics, translucent film, etc.
  • When detailing/specifying window coverings, maintain sufficient clearance between window covering and exterior glazing to avoid heat buildup.
46
Q

What is the most common interior glazing installation?

A

glass set in wood, steel or aluminum frame.

47
Q

SPD Glazing:

A

uses a proprietary system in which light absorbing microscopic particles are dispersed within a liquid film.

48
Q

Polymer-dispered liquid crystal film glazing:

A

fabricated by placing polymer film between 2 pieces of glass

49
Q

2 types of glazing are very expensive but offer the potential for significant energy savings in the range of 20%-30%

A

Electrochromic glazing and SPD glazing.

50
Q

what 2 glass types are considered safety glazing?

A

tempered and laminated glass

51
Q

Safety Standard for Architectural Glazing Materials establishes 2 categories of glazing

A

Category I: material is tested using impact load of 150ft-lbf
Category II: tests impact load of 400ft-lbf. for hazardous locations grater than 9ft^2”category II must be used.

CTech (18 decks)

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