Chapter 8 Flashcards
- What are the two systems for classifying joints.
a. Structure
b. Function
- Name the 3 classes of joints according to function
i. Synarthrosis
ii. Amphiarthrosis
iii. Diarthrosis
Name the 3 classes of joints according to structure
i. Fibrous Articulations
ii. Cartilaginous articulations
iii. Synovial articulations
What are the 3 types of Fibrous articulations?
- Sutures
- Syndesmoses
a. Bones are connected by ligaments
b. Some movement is allowed - Gomphoses
a. Teeth in socket
What are the 2 types of cartilaginous articulations
- Syncondroses
a. Joined by hyaline cartilage
b. Little or no movement
c. Most are temporary, they become synostoses
d. Example: Epiphyseal growth plate in children - Symphyses
a. Composed of fibrocartilage
b. Slightly movable
c. Example: manubrium of sternum
- Describe the major components of a synovial joint.
a. General Features
i. Contains a joint cavity
ii. Contains synovial fluid
iii. Allows considerable movement
iv. Ex. Most joints of the appendicular skeleton
b. General Structure
i. Articular capsule creating a
ii. Joint cavity with
iii. Synovial fluid
iv. Reinforcing ligaments
c. Some synovial joints have
i. Fatty pads
ii. Articular discs
a. Flexion
i. Movement anterior to coronal plane
1. Bringing forearm into a right angle
b. Extension
i. Movement of a body part posterior to the coronal plane or in the posterior direction
1. Arm down to side
c. Hyperextension
i. Abnormal forced extension, beyond the normal range of motion
d. Abduction
i. Movement away from the midline
e. Adduction
i. Movement toward the midline
f. Rotation
i. Turning of a structure around it’s long axis
g. Circumduction
i. Motion done when swimming backstroke
h. Inversion
i. Turns the ankle so that the plantar surface of the foot faces medially toward the opposite foot with the weight on the outside edge of the foot
i. Eversion
i. Turns the ankle so that the plantar surface faces laterally with the weight on the inside edge of the foot
j. Dorsiflexion
i. Movement of the foot toward the shin
k. Plantar flexion
i. movement of the foot into tip toe position
l. Protraction
i. A gliding motion that moves a structure in an anterior direction
m. Retraction
i. Moves the structure back to the anatomical position (or even more posteriorly)
n. Supination
i. Rotation of forearm into palm up position
o. Pronation
i. Rotation of forearm into palm down position
p. Elevation
i. Moves a structure superiorly
q. Depression
i. Moves it inferiorly
- Name the 6 types of synovial joints according to the articular shape. Describe the shape and give an example of each.
Plane Hinge Pivot Ellipsoid (condyloid) Saddle Ball in Socket
a. Plane
i. Intervertebral
b. Hinge
i. Cubital (elbow)
ii. Knee
iii. Interphalangeal
c. Pivot
i. Atlantoaxial
1. Atlas and axis
ii. Distal radioulnar
1. radiusandulna
d. Ellipsoid (condyloid)
i. Atlantooccipital
1. Atlas and occipital bone
ii. Temporomandibular
1. Mandible and temporal bone
e. Saddle
i. Carpometacarpal policis
1. Carpal and metacarpal of thumb
ii. Intercarpal
1. Between carpal bones
iii. Sternoclavicular
1. Manubrium of sternum and clavicle
f. Ball-in-socket
i. Coxal
1. Hip
ii. Glenohumeral (shoulder)
1. Scapula and humerus
