Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A+P - Test 1 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Describe the 4 major types of human tissue
A

a. Epithelial b. Connective muscle nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a. Epithelial Characteristics

A
  1. Mostly composed of cells 2. Distinct cell surfaces a. Free (apical) surface b. Lateral – connected to other cells c. Basal – connected to the basement membrane 3. Nonvascular 4. Specialized cell contacts bind adjacent epithelial cells together 5. Capable of regeneration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Epithelial Functions

A
  1. Protects underlying structures 2. Acts as a barrier 3. Permits the passage of substances 4. Secreting substances 5. Absorbing substances 6. Filtration 7. Sensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Epithelial Types

A
  1. Covering and lining 2. Glandular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. Regarding epithelium, differentiate among squamous, cuboidal and columnar epithelium.
A

a. Squamous i. Flat and scalelike cells b. Cuboidal i. Cells are cube shaped 1. About as wide as they are tall c. Columnar i. Cells tend to be taller than they are wide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. Regarding epithelium differentiate among simple, stratified, and pseudostratified epithelium
A

a. Simple i. Single layer of cells 1. Each cell extends from the basement to the free surface b. Stratified i. More than one layer of cells c. Pseudostratified i. All cells are attached to the basement membrane, but appears to be stratified because not all cells reach the free surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. Regarding connective tissue, what are the three components of all connective tissues
A

a. Cells i. Produce the extracellular matrix ii. Cell suffixes 1. Blasts - create the matrix 2. Cytes – maintain matrix 3. Clasts – break down matrix for remodeling b. Fibers i. Protein fibers 1. Collagen a. Strong and flexible b. Tendons, ligaments, skin, bone, cartilage 2. Reticular fibers a. Very fine, short, collagen fibers 3. Elastic fibers a. Protein elastin b. Can return to original shape after being stretched of compressed c. Intercellular material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Blasts

A

create the matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. Cytes
A

maintain matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. Clasts
A

break down matrix for remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of protein Fibers

A
  1. Collagen a. Strong and flexible b. Tendons, ligaments, skin, bone, cartilage 2. Reticular fibers a. Very fine, short, collagen fibers 3. Elastic fibers a. Protein elastin b. Can return to original shape after being stretched of compressed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. Regarding connective tissue, differentiate among loose, dense, and specialized connective tissues
A

a. Loose i. Areolar ii. Adipose iii. Reticular b. Dense i. Regular collagenous ii. Regular elastic iii. Irregular collagenous iv. Irregular elastic c. Specialized i. Bone 1. Spongy 2. Compact ii. Cartilage 1. Hyaline 2. Fibrocartilage 3. Elastic iii. Blood 1. Red blood cells 2. Write blood cells 3. Platelets iv. Lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the types of loose connective tissue

A

i. Areolar ii. Adipose iii. Reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the types of Dense connective tissue

A

i. Regular collagenous ii. Regular elastic iii. Irregular collagenous iv. Irregular elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the specialized connective tissue

A

i. Bone 1. Spongy 2. Compact ii. Cartilage 1. Hyaline 2. Fibrocartilage 3. Elastic iii. Blood 1. Red blood cells 2. Write blood cells 3. Platelets iv. Lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. Differentiate between areolar and adipose connective tissues
A

a. Areolar i. Loose packing material of most organs ii. Attaches the skin to underlying tissues b. Adipose i. Contain a large amount of lipids 1. Yellow adipose a. Insulating 2. Brown adipose a. Generates heat

17
Q
  1. Differentiate between dense regularly arranged and dense irregularly arranged connective tissue
A

a. Regularly arranged connective tissue i. Dense regular collagenous connective tissue 1. Parallel fibers with orientation in one direction, very strong cablelike structures a. Tendons b. Ligaments ii. Dense regular elastic connective tissue 1. Parallel bundles of collagen fibers and abundant elastic fibers a. Nuchal b. Vocal folds c. Ligaments along the posterior of the neck b. Irregularly arranged connective tissue i. Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue 1. Contains protein fibers arranged as a meshwork of randomly oriented fibers 2. Layers can be oriented in the same direction, adjacent layers are oriented at nearly right angles a. Most of the dermis of the skin b. Outer covering or body tubes ii. Dense irregular elastic connective tissue 1. Elastic arteries

18
Q
  1. Differentiate among the tree kinds of muscular tissue
A

a. Skeletal i. Enables body to move ii. Voluntary control iii. Cells 1. Long 2. Cylindrical 3. Many nuclei 4. Striated (banded) due to arrangement of contractile proteins within the cells b. Cardiac i. Involuntary control ii. Cells 1. Short cylindrical 2. Striated 3. Single nucleus 4. Branched 5. Intercalated disks a. Woven together b. Help coordinate cardiac muscle c. Smooth i. Locations 1. Forms walls of hollow organs 2. Found in Skin and eyes ii. Function 1. Move food through the digestive tract 2. Empty urinary bladder iii. Involuntary control iv. Cells 1. Tapered at each end 2. Single nucleus 3. Striated

19
Q

Skeletal Muscles

A

i. Enables body to move ii. Voluntary control iii. Cells 1. Long 2. Cylindrical 3. Many nuclei 4. Striated (banded) due to arrangement of contractile proteins within the cells

20
Q

Cardiac Muscles

A

i. Involuntary control ii. Cells 1. Short cylindrical 2. Striated 3. Single nucleus 4. Branched 5. Intercalated disks a. Woven together b. Help coordinate cardiac muscle

21
Q

Smooth Muscles

A

i. Locations 1. Forms walls of hollow organs 2. Found in Skin and eyes ii. Function 1. Move food through the digestive tract 2. Empty urinary bladder iii. Involuntary control iv. Cells 1. Tapered at each end 2. Single nucleus 3. Striated

22
Q

Types of neurons

A

i. Multipolar 1. Transmit information 2. Store information 3. Integrate and evaluate data ii. Bi-polar iii. Pseudo Unipolar 1. Conduct action potentials from the periphery to the brain of spinal cord

23
Q
  1. What are the two kinds of cells in nervous tissue?
A

i. Neurons 1. Performs action ii. Microglia 1. support

24
Q

c. Components of Neurons

A

i. Dendrites ii. Cell body iii. Long axon iv. Neuroglia 1. Support cells a. Nourish, Protect, Insulate Neurons

25
Q
A

Serrous membrane

A+P - Test 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions