Chapter 7 Axial Skeleton Flashcards
- What are the 2 main divisions of the human skeleton and describe their general functions
a. Axial Skeleton i. Protects the brain, the spinal cord, and the vital organs housed within the thorax b. Appendicular
8 Braincase
a. Parietal – 2 b. Temporal – 2 c. Frontal – 1 d. Sphenoid – 1 e. Occipital – 1 f. Ethmoid – 1
14 Face
a. Maxilla – 2 b. Zygomatic – 2 c. Palatine – 2 d. Lacrimal – 2 e. Nasal – 2 f. Inferior nasal concha – 2 g. Mandible – 1 h. Vomer – 1
- Alveolar process
a. Ridges on the mandible and maxilla containing the teeth
- Palatine process
a. Anterior two-thirds of the hard palate
- temporal lines
a. attachment site for the temporalis muscle, which closes the jaw
- Crista galli
a. Process in the anterior part of the braincase, to which one of the connective tissue coverings of the brain (dura mater) connects i. Ethmoid
- Petrous portion
a. Thick, interior part of the temporal bone containing the middle and inner ears and the auditory ossicles
- Sella turcica
a. Bony structure, resembling a saddle in which the pituitary gland is locate iii. Sphenoid
- Define fontanel and explain its purpose
a. It is the soft spot on an infant’s skull b. They allow for rapid stretching and deformation of the cranium as the brain expands c. Located where the sutures in adults are
- Name the 4 main cranial sutures and describe their location
a. Sagittal suture i. Joins the parietal bones b. Coronal suture i. Joins the frontal to the parietal bones c. Lamboid suture i. Joins the occipital bone to the parietals d. Squamous suture i. Joins the temporal bone to the parietal
a. Sagittal suture
i. Joins the parietal bones
b. Coronal suture
i. Joins the frontal to the parietal bones
c. Lamboid suture
i. Joins the occipital bone to the parietals
d. Squamous suture
i. Joins the temporal bone to the parietal
- Name the bones that comprise the zygomatic arch
a. Temporal b. Zygomatic c. Maxilla
- Name the bones that contribute to the orbit (eye socket)
a. Frontal – roof b. Sphenoid – roof and posterolateral wall c. Zygomatic – lateral wall d. Maxilla – floor e. Lacrimal – medial wall f. Ethmoid – medial wall g. Palatine – medial wall
- Where is the sella turcica and what structure occupies it?
a. Bony structure, resembling a saddle, in which the pituitary gland is located b. Bones i. Sphenoid
a. Crista Galli
i. Prominent ridge located in the center of the anterior fossa ii. Point of attachment for one of the meninges iii. Ethmoid Bone iv. Vertical projections providing point of attachment for the dura mater, helping to secure the brain within the skull
b. Cribiform Plate
i. Floor of each olfactory fossa ii. Ethmoid Bone iii. Bony plates lateral to the crista galli through which olfactory fibers (cranial nerve I) Pass to the brain from the nasal mucosa through the cribiform foramina. Together the cribiform plates and the midline crista galli form the horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone
- Which skull bones contain sinuses?
a. Maxilla b. Frontal c. Ethmoid d. Sphenoid
- Name the bones that comprise the hard palate
a. Palatines b. Maxillary bones
- Name the bones that contain alveoli (alveolar processes) for teeth
a. Maxilla b. Mandible
- Name the bone that anchors the muscles of the tongue and describe what makes this bone unique
a. The hyoid bone b. Does not articulate with any other bones
- Name the regions of the vertebral column and the number of vertebrae in each region. Be able to recognize the bones of each region
a. Cervical i. C1 1. Atlas ii. C2 1. Axis iii. C3-7 b. Thoracic i. T1-7 c. Lumbar i. L1-5 d. Sacral and coccygeal i. Sacrum ii. Coccyx
- Differentiate between the transverse foramina and the vertebral foramen in the cervical vertebrae
a. Transvers Foramina i. Only in the cervical vertebra ii. Two on the side of the body b. Vertebral foramen i. Large, centered foramen
- Name the structure separates the bodies of the vertebrae. What is it composed of?
a. Intervertebral disks i. Fibro cartilage
- Name the first and second cervical vertebrae. What motions are permitted by their articulations?
a. Atlas i. Diathoratic, biaxial, ,flexion, extension, leteral flexion, cicumduction of head on neck b. Axis i. Diarthorotic, uniaxial, rotation of the head
- Name the peg-like process of C2
a. Dens
- Describe the features of a typical vertebra
a. Body b. Vertebral foramen i. Passageway for the spinal cord c. Spinous process i. Makes up bumps felt on spine d. Transverse process e. Pedicle i. Between Transvers process and body f. Lamina i. Between spinous process and transvers process g. Superior articular process and facet h. Vetebral arch i. Compsed of pedicles, laminae, and spinous process, itrepresent the junction of all posterior extensions from the vertebral body
- Name the 3 main portions of the sternum.
a. Manubrium i. Sword handle ii. Has the jugular notch b. Body (gladiolus) i. blade c. Xiphoid process i. Sword tip – hangs below the meeting of the ribs
- Describe the difference between true, floating, and false ribs. How many ribs are in each category
a. True ribs – 7 i. Articulate with the thoracic vertebra ii. Attach directly through their costal cartilage to the sternum b. False – 5 i. Articulate with the thoracic vertebrae but to not attach directly to the sternum c. Floating ribs i. Do not connect to the sternum
