Chapter 8 Flashcards
We all possess a certain amount of ____________ (_), which influences our ability to think and learn on all intellectual tasks.
General Intelligence (g)
What are the two types of intelligence?
Fluid Intelligence
Crystallized Intelligence
What is the term for analyses of how people solve intelligence test items and how they perform everyday tasks?
Information-Processing
What is the term for the pattern of data in which scores fall symmetrically around a mean value, with most scores falling close to the mean and fewer and fewer scores farther from it?
Normal Distribution
What is a quantitative measure, typically with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15?
IQ Test
What is the term for the ability to inhibit actions, follow rules, and avoid impulsive reactions?
Self-Discipline
Bronfenbrenner’s (1993) ___________ explains the effect of genetic and environmental influences on intelligence.
Bioecological Model of Development
The ________ has a substantial influence on intelligence; it varies greatly with age.
Genome
Genes and environment related to which three types of processes?
Passive Effects, Evocative Effects, and Active Effects
_______ assessment evaluates various aspects of a child’s home life across age groups.
HOME
What term is described by characteristics that are the same for all children with the family & varies with family income?
Family Intellectual Environment
What term is described by unique, non-shared influences with the family? This increases with age, and the influence of the shared environment decreases with age, as children become increasingly able to choose their own friends and activities.
Family Non Shared Environment
What term describes the consistent rise in average IQ scores over the past 80 years in many countries due to societal changes (not gene pool)?
Flynn Effect
What term describes the decrease in IQ scores that is consistent across age groups, education levels, and gender?
Reverse Flynn Effect
What scale is based off the number of environmental risk factors for low IQ scores?
Environmental Risk Scale (Sameroff)
What term is based on the view that people possess at least eight types of intelligence?
Multiple Intelligences Theory (Howard Gardner)
What term is based on the view that intelligence is the ability to achieve success in life?
Theory of Successful Intelligence (Robert Sternberg0
What are the two main ways to identify words? Most children employ which strategy?
Phonological Recording and Visually Based Retrieval.
Strategy-Choice Process
What term is described by reading comprehension depends solely on decoding skill and comprehension of oral language?
Simple View of Reading
What term represents situation or idea of being mentally constructed and updated as new information is processed?
Situation Model
Forming letters, spelling words, using correct capitalization and punctuation are all _________ in generating written text.
Low-Level Goals
Making arguments comprehensible without the intonations and gestures are all _________ in generating written text.
High-Level Goals
What is the term for mental models of the sizes of numbers, ordered along a less-to-more dimension?
Numerical Magnitude Representations
Arithmetic knowledge greater in _______ countries due to cultural emphasis on math, time spent on math, and linguistic differences in mastering concepts.
Asian
What is the term for a negative emotional state that leads to fear and avoidance of math?
Mathematics Anxiety
Mathematics anxiety can interfere with performance and learning because the heightened emotions reduce ____________.
Working-Memory Resources
Mathematics anxiety is most prevalent in which two groups?
More prevalent in girls than boys and those who do poorly in math.
