Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is the term for general ideas that organize objects, events, qualities, or relations through the basis of some similarity?
Concepts
What aids in understanding and effectively acting in the world through generalization of prior experiences?
Concepts
Children tend to organize categories of objects into ______________.
Categorical Hierarchies
Infants categorize objects along color, size, and movement dimensions using ____________.
Perceptual Categorization
What are the three levels of category hierarchies?
Subordinate Level
Basic Level
Superordinate Level
What is the term for the commonsense level of understanding of other people and oneself?
(3 Views: Emergence of self-consciousness, understanding other people, and understanding differences among people).
Naive Psychology
What is the term for the organized understanding of how mental processes such as intentions, desires, beliefs, perceptions, and emotions influence behavior?
Theory of Mind
What is the term for tasks that test a child’s understanding that other people will act in accord with their own beliefs, even when a child knows that those beliefs are incorrect?
False-Belief Problems
Children’s _________ continue to develop into the teen years.
Theories of Mind
What is the term for the hypothesized brain mechanism devoted to understanding other human beings? It matures over the first 5 years in typical children in typical environments. Support often comes from children with autism.
Theory of Mind Module
What is the term for activities that are pursued for their own sake, with no motivation other than the enjoyment they bring?
Play
What is the term for make-believe activities in which children create new symbolic relations, acting as if they were in a situation different than their actual one? Emerges at 18 months old.
Pretend Play
What term enables children to pursue play activities they enjoy, even when they do not have the exact objects for those activities?
Object Substitution
What group believes that humans are born with a “biology module” that helps children learn quickly about living things?
Nativists
What group believes that children’s biological understanding arises from personal observations and information received from parents, teachers, and culture?
Empiricists
What group believes that children possess an innate module specialized for learning about space? This spatial information processing is separate from other types of information.
Nativists
What group believes that spatial representation results from experience, like other behavioral patterns?
Empiricists
Most basic sense of time involves knowledge of __________.
Temporal Order
What group believes that children are born with a core concept of number? Special mechanism is present for learning about the numbers of objects in sets, counting, addition, and subtraction. Involves intraparietal sulcus region of brain.
Nativists
What group believes that children learn about numbers through experiences? Large differences in numerical understanding among children from different cultures.
Empiricist
What is the term for the fundamental concept recognizing that sets of N objects share a common property?
Numerical Equality
One-one correspondence, stable order, cardinality, order irrelevance, and abstractions are the five ___________.
Counting Principles
Research shows that children can distinguish among _______, longer ________, and greater _________.
Size, Time, Number
