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OCHEM > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Sigma bonds are _______ stable than pi bonds

A

more

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2
Q

In addition reactions, the double bonds acts as the _______ attacking the electrophilic species

A

nucleophile

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3
Q

_______ addition involves the pi e- attacking the + charge

A

electrophilic

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4
Q

_______ addition involves the Nuc- attacking the carbocation

A

nucleophile

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5
Q

In a regio_______ reaction: only one region attacked

A

specific

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6
Q

In a regio_______ reaction: major and minor products

A

selective

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7
Q

The addition of Hydrogen halides follows _______ rule: when adding H-X to db C, the H will add to the C with _______ H’s, leaving the X to the C with _______ H’s

A

markovnikov’s
more
less

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8
Q

For addition of hydrogen halides, stabilizing the _______ results in a faster reaction

A

C+ intermediate

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9
Q

Addition of Hydrogen halides results in _______ mixture if the product is chiral.

A

racemic

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10
Q

the addition of hydrogen halides also works for alkynes and may be performed twice by using _______ moles of H-X

A

2
add H to H rich side

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11
Q

_______ rule: when adding H-X to the db C, the H will add to the C with less H. In the presence of a peroxide!!!

A

anti-markovnikov

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12
Q

A db C may react with water in the presence of a strongly acidic catalyst (sulfuric and phosphoric acid) to form an alcohol. This reaction is known as _______

A

hydration

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13
Q

The goal of hydration is to add _______ “in place” of a double bond.

A

OH

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of hydration we learn in Ch. 8

A

1) regular (Markovnikov with Rearrangements)
2) oxymercuration-demercuration (Markovnikov with no rearrangements)
3) Hydroboration (anti-markovnikov with no rearrangements)

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15
Q

Oxymercuration-Demercuration leads to _______ of the H2O molecule to the Hg ring

A

anti-addition

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16
Q

When mercuration takes place in an alcohol solvent, the alcohol serves as the _______ to attack the mercurinium ion. This is known as _______ mercuration, which converts alkenes to ether

A

nucleophile
alkoxy

17
Q

Hydroboration leads to _______ of the H and OH to a molecule

A

syn-addition

18
Q

Hydroboration is a stereo_____ reaction

A

specific

19
Q

a halogen molecule (______, ______, _______) is electrophilic; a nucleophile dbC can react with a halogen, displacing a halide ion

A

Cl2
Br2
I2

20
Q

In addition of halogens (X2), solvents must be _______

A

inert

21
Q

What are the 3 solvents that are inert for Halogen reactions

A

1) CH2Cl
2) CHCl3
3) CCl4

22
Q

Addition of halogens (X2) leads to _______ of the halogen ion to the Halonium ion

A

anti-addition

23
Q

Halogen addition is a stereo_______ reaction

A

specific

24
Q

in all symmetric addition reactions, trans db + anti-addition results in __ product(s)

A

1

25
Q

in all symmetric addition reactions, cis db + anti-addition results in __ product(s)

A

2

26
Q

Bromine test: chemical test for the presence of _______
- brown=
- colorless=

A

unsaturation
no alkenes
alkenes

27
Q

R-groups are _______, which stabalize the + or ẟ+

A

EDG’s

28
Q

A halohydrin is an _______ with a _______ on the adjacent carbon

A

OH
Halogen

29
Q

The solvent used in halohydrin formation has to be _______

A

polar protic
(H2O or ROH)

30
Q

In halohydrin formation, the nucleophile (_____) attacks the more substituted, more electrophilic carbon atom

A

H2O

31
Q

halohydrin formation leads to _______ of the H2O molecule to the carbon atom

A

anti-addition

32
Q

Catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene is formally a _______, with H2 adding across the C=C to give an alkene

A

reduction

33
Q

What are the required catalysts? (3)

A

1) Pd
2) Pt
3) Ni

34
Q

Catalytic hydrogenation leads to _______ of the H and H to the double bond

A

Syn-addition

35
Q

What are the 3 methods of adding methylene to alkenes?

A

1) diazomethane (CH2N2 with heat or UV)
2) simmons-smith (Cu alloy)
3) alpha elimination of haloform (CHX3 and strong base)

OCHEM (12 decks)

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