Chapter 10 Flashcards
The bond angle between H-O-H in water is _____
104.5
The bond angle between C-O-H in methyl alcohol is _____
108.9
When naming alcohols: drop the final e in the alkane name and replace with ___
ol
The longest carbon chain MUST be attached to the functional group _______, then # the chain so as to give that group priority
Winner (-OH)
The OH group is treated as a substituent named _______ when it appears on a structure with a higher priority functional group
hydroxy
alcohols with two -OH groups are called _______. They are named like other alcohols except that the suffix diol is used and 2 numbers are needed to tell where the two hydroxy groups are located
diol or glycol
- needs e after consonant
What are the 3 different disubstituted phenols?
Ortho (1,2)
Meta (1,3)
Para (1,4)
Physical properties of alcohols:
1) ______ bonding = higher b.p
2) polar bonds (_______ attractions)
3) hydrophilic (H2O): alcohols up to ____ carbons are miscible in water. In general each OH can carry ____ C into water
1) hydrogen
2) dipole
3) 3 C, 4 carbons needs tert-butyl
(IMPORTANT): A strong base can remove the hydroxy proton to give an _______
alkoxide (contains O-)
Alkoxide ions are strong _______ and strong _______
nucleophiles
bases
to form alkoxide ions, use ___ for (1° OH) or ___ for (2° or 3° OH) metal with ROH
Na
K
to form alkoxide ions that have phenol, ___ or ____ may be used to form the alkoxide
K or NaOH
- NaOH because of phenol pKa
to make C-C bonds using sp2 and sp3 carbons you need to make a _______ using Mg or Li
organometal
Organometals are strong ______ and strong _______
nucleophiles
bases
What are the two most common solvents used in a Grignard reaction
1) ether
2) THF
