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DLA 112 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

key to developing effective information and decision support systems?

A

Good decision-making and problem-solving skills

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2
Q

Purpose of MIS?

A

provide the right information to the right person in the right format at the right time

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3
Q

Function of DSS?

A

support decision-making effectiveness when faced with unstructured or semi-structured business problems

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4
Q

What are Specialised Support Systems?

A

group support systems (GSS) and executive support systems (ESS), use the overall approach of a DSS in situations such as group and executive decision making

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5
Q

What are Information systems used for?

A

Strategic Planning and Problem Solving

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6
Q

Decision-making phase?

A

First part of problem-solving
-Intelligence stage: potential problems or opportunities are identified and defined
-Design stage: alternative solutions to the problem are developed
-Choice stage: requires selecting a course of action

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7
Q

Problem solving

A

goes beyond decision making to include implementation and monitoring stages

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8
Q

Implementation stage

A

A solution is put into effect

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9
Q

Monitoring stage

A

Decision makers evaluate the implementation

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10
Q

Difference between programmed and non-programmed decision?

A

=Programmed decision
- Decision made using a rule, procedure, or quantitative method
- Easy to computerize using traditional information systems

=Non-programmed decision
- Decision that deals with unusual or exceptional situations
- Not easily quantifiable

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11
Q

Optimisation model

A

find the best solution, usually the one that will best help the organization meet its goals

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12
Q

Satisficing model?

A

find a good – but not necessarily the best – problem solution

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13
Q

Heuristics

A

commonly accepted guidelines or procedures that usually find a good solution

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14
Q

Sense and Respond (SaR) approach

A

-Determining problems or opportunities (sense)
-Developing systems to solve the problems or take advantage of the opportunities (respond)

Implemented through MIS and DSS

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15
Q

What is a MIS?

A
  • Integrated collection of people, procedures, databases, and devices
  • Provides managers and decision makers with information to help achieve organizational goals
  • Can give the organization a competitive advantage
  • Providing the right information to the right people in the right format and at the right time
  • Provides managers with information that supports effective decision making and provides feedback on daily operations
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16
Q

what types of inputs are there to an MIS?

A

=Internal data sources
- TPSs and ERP systems and related databases
- Data warehouses and data marts
- Specific functional areas throughout the firm

=External data sources
- Customers, suppliers, competitors, and stockholders whose data is not already captured by the TPS
- Internet
- Extranets

17
Q

What outputs come from an MIS?

A
  • Scheduled report: produced periodically, or on schedule, such as daily, weekly, or monthly
    -Key-indicator report: summary of previous day’s critical activities
  • Demand report: developed to give certain information at someone’s request
  • Exception report: automatically produced when a situation is unusual or requires management action
  • Drill-down reports: provide increasingly detailed data about a situation
18
Q

What are the characteristics of an MIS?

A
  • Provide reports with fixed and standard formats
  • Produce hard-copy and soft-copy reports
  • Use internal data stored in computer system
  • Allow users to develop custom reports
  • Require user requests for reports developed by systems personnel
19
Q

What is Financial MIS?

A

Provides financial information to executives and others

20
Q

Provide financial MIS subsystems and outputs

A
  • Profit/loss and cost systems: profit and revenue centres
  • Auditing: internal and external
  • Uses and management of funds
21
Q

What is a Manufacturing MIS?

A
  • Manufacturing MIS subsystems and outputs monitor and control the flow of materials, products and services through the organization
  • Design and engineering: CAD systems
  • Master production scheduling and inventory control
    -Methods: Economic Order Quantity, Materials Resource Planning, JIT
  • Process control
    -Techniques: CAM, Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Flexible Manufacturing System
  • Quality control and testing
22
Q

What is Marketing MIS and provide subsystems of it?

A

Marketing MIS: supports managerial activities in product development, distribution, pricing decisions and promotional effectiveness

Subsystems
-Marketing research
-Product development
-Promotion and advertising
-Product pricing
-Sales analysis

23
Q

What is Human Resource MIS and provide subsystems?

A

Human resource MIS: concerned with activities related to employees and potential employees

Subsystems
-Human resource planning
-Personnel selection and recruiting
-Training and skills inventory
-Scheduling and job placement
-Wage and salary administration
-Outplacement

24
Q

Accounting MIS?

A

provides aggregate information on accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and many other applications

25
Q

Geographic information system (GIS)

A

capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographic information

26
Q

What is a Decision Support System?

A
  • A DSS is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to help make decisions that solve problems
  • Focus of a DSS is on decision-making effectiveness regarding unstructured or semi-structured business problems
  • Used by managers at all levels
27
Q

What are the characteristics of a DSS 1?

A
  • Provide rapid access to information
  • Handle large amounts of data from different sources
  • Provide report and presentation flexibility
  • Offer both textual and graphical orientation
  • Support drill-down analysis
  • Perform complex, sophisticated analysis and comparisons using advanced software packages
28
Q

What are the characteristics of a DSS 2?

A
  • Support optimization, satisficing, and heuristic approaches
  • What-if analysis: making hypothetical changes to problem data and observing impact on results
  • Goal-seeking analysis: determining problem data required for a given result
  • Simulation: ability of the DSS to duplicate features of a real system
29
Q

What are the capabilities of a DSS?

A
  • Support problem-solving phases
  • Support different decision frequencies
    -Ad hoc DSS
    -Institutional DSS
  • Support different problem structures
    -Highly structured problems
    -Semistructured or unstructured problems
  • Support various decision-making levels
30
Q

What are the components of a DDS?

A
  • Database
  • Model base
  • Dialogue manager: user interface that allows decision makers to:
    -Easily access and manipulate the DSS
    -Use common business terms and phrases
  • Access to the Internet, networks, and other computer-based systems
31
Q

What is the purpose of Database Management Systems?

A
  • Allows managers and decision makers to perform qualitative analysis on data stored in company’s databases, data warehouses, and data marts
  • Can also be used to connect to external databases
32
Q

What is a model base?

A

provides decision makers with access to a variety of models and assists them in decision making
Allows them to perform quantitative analysis on both internal and external data

33
Q

What is the user interface/dialogue manager?

A
  • Allows users to interact with the DSS to obtain information
  • Assists with all aspects of communications between user and hardware and software that constitute the DSS
34
Q

What are Group Support Systems?

A
  • Consists of most elements in a DSS, plus software to provide effective support in group decision making
  • Also called group decision support system or computerized collaborative work system
35
Q

What characteristics does a GSS have that enhances decision making?

A

Special design
Ease of use
Flexibility
Decision-making support:
-Delphi approach
-Brainstorming
-Group consensus approach
-Nominal group technique
Anonymous input
Reduction of negative group behavior
Parallel communication
Automated record keeping

36
Q

What is an Executive Support System?

A

-Specialized DSS
-Includes hardware, software, data, procedures, and people used to assist senior-level executives
-Also called an executive information system (EIS)

37
Q

What are the Characteristics of ESS?

A
  • Tailored to individual executives
  • Easy to use
  • Drill-down capabilities
  • Support need for external data
  • Can help with situations that have a high degree of uncertainty
  • Future-oriented
  • Linked to value-added business processes
38
Q

What are the capabilities of ESS?

A
  • Support for defining overall vision
  • Support for strategic planning:
    Determining long-term objectives through analysis of current organization and prediction of future trends
  • Support for strategic organizing and staffing
  • Support for strategic control
  • Support for crisis management
39
Q
A

DLA 112 (9 decks)

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