Chapter 8 Flashcards
What is a mood disorder
A disturbance in emotion. Interferes with daily functioning and is associated with other psych conditions (panic attacks, substance abuse, etc.)
What is Mania?
Emotional state of intense but unfounded elation (ACC. by irritability, hyperactivity, distractedness, grandiose plans, etc.)
What are the ranges for MDD (Major Depressive Disorder)?
Mild, Moderate, Moderate-severe, and Severe
What is MDD?
Major Depressive Disorder is characterized by the loss of interest/ pleasure. A cognitive disturbance
Are there any specifiers for MDD?
Seasonal patterns, psychotic features, atypical features, etc.
Is MDD comorbid with any other illnesses? (overlap)
Substance disorders, panic disorders, OCD, anorexia, bulimia, BPD
What are some risk factors for MDD?
High Neuroticism, traumatic childhood experiences, first-degree family members 2-4x times higher risk
What is PDD?
Persistent Depressive Disorder is characterized by depressed mood for most of the day for at least 2 years (1 year for children/ ado)
What is a Double Depression when referring to PDD?
Occurs when ppl w/ PDD may also experience episodes of MDD
What is Bipolar 1?
Episodes of mania or mixed (both mania and depression)
What is Bipolar 2
Episodes of depression accompanied by hypomania (mild mania)
What is Cyclothymic Disorder?
Sub-threshold episodes of depression & hypomania
In reference to Bipolar Disorders, what is meant by “rapid cycling” ?
4+ episodes in a one-year period
Are there any age, gender, and genetic characteristics related to Bipolar Disorders?
Mania more common in men, depression more common in women. Develops during 20s. MZ concordance rate of 85%
What is Seasonal Affective Disorder?
When bipolar and unipolar disorders are sub-diagnosed due to changing climate. Occurs mostly in people who live north
What does the psychoanalytic theory of depression suggest?
Anger turned inward
(1) Anaclitic pattern: excessive interpersonal concern
(2) Introjective pattern: achievement concerns
What is Beck’s Theory of Depression?
making certain logical errors and negative self-judgements
What is the Interpersonal Theory of Depression?
Sparse social networks provide little support. Constantly seek reassurance from others
What are some biological theories for MDD?
~ 35% heritability
Low levels of norepinephrine and dopamine lead to depression
What is Serotonin Theory?
Serotonin produces both depression and mania.
What are PSYCHOLOGICAL therapies for Mood Disorders?
(1) Psychodynamic: insight into the inward anger (anaclitic & introjective pattern)
(2) Cognitive & Behaviour: behavioural activation (cycle: inactivity to depression)
(3) Mindfulness-based cognitive: mindfulness, connect w/ body and mind, less rumination
(4) Psychological treatment for bipolar: psychoeducation, promotion of meds, regular routine…
What are BIOLOGICAL therapies for Mood Disorders?
(1) Electroconvulsive therapy (ETC)
(2) Deep brain stimulation
What are the different types of suicide gestures?
(1) Suicide ideation: thoughts and intentions
(2) Suicide attempts: self-injury behaviour intended to cause death but without success
(3) Suicide gestures: self-injury with no intent to die
(4) Suicide completion: behaviours intended to cause death w/ success
What is Durkheim’s Sociological Theory regarding suicide?
(1) Egoistic Suicide: few ties with family, society, community
(2) Altruistic Suicide: response to social demands
(3) Anomic Suicide: triggered by a sudden change in a person’s relationship with society.
What is Baumeister’s Escape Theory & Perfectionism?
Aware of personal shortcomings, suicidal to escape self-awareness, perfectionism is an impossible standard
What is the “Perfection and Social Disconnection” theory?
Elevated levels of trait perfectionism and self-criticism
What is Joiner’s interpersonal theory of suicide?
Flawed vision of the need to belong and perceived burdensomeness
What is “Shneidman’s Approach” regarding suicide?
Conscious effort to seek a solution to what is causing a psychache
