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Psyc340 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What are Personality Disorders?

A

Distinct group of disorders that are:
(1) long-standing
(2) pervasive
(3) have inflexible patterns of behaviour

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2
Q

What are the three life tasks

A

(1) Intrapersonal: Form coherent representations of self and others
(2) Interpersonal: Develop capacity for intimacy
(3) Social Group: Engage in pro-social and cooperative behaviours

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3
Q

What are the Personality Disorder Assessments?

A

(1) Clinical interviews: (challenge) many personality disorders are ego syntonic, person lacks insight

(2) MMPI: Good prediction of paranoid, schizotypal, narcissistic, and anti-social personality disorder symptoms

(3) MCMI-IV: Provides subscale measures of 15 clinical personality scales + 3 severe personality pathology scales

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4
Q

What constitutes cluster A?

A

Odd/Eccentric cluster. Includes: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal

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5
Q

Characteristics of “Paranoid”

A

Suspicious of others
Tend to blame others
Can be very jealous

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6
Q

Prevalence & Comorbidity of “Paranoid”

A

Prevalence:
1-2%
More frequent in men

Comorbidity:
Schizotypal, BPD & APD

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7
Q

Characteristics of “Schizoid”

A

No desire/ enjoyment for social relationships
Appear dull
No interest in sex
Indifferent to praise/ criticism

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8
Q

What is Schizoid Personality Disorder?

A

Symptoms precede psychotic illness
Link w/ autism

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9
Q

Prevalence & Comorbidity of “Schizoid”

A

Prevalence:
Less than 1%
More common in men

Comorbidity:
Schizotypal, avoidant, PPD

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10
Q

What is the Etiology of “Schizoid”

A

High Introversion, low on openness & achievement striving

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11
Q

Characteristics of “Schizotypal”

A

odd beliefs/ speech
Recurrent illusions
Ideas of reference (suspiciousness, eccentric, paranoid ideation)

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12
Q

Prevalence & Comorbidity of “Schizotypal”

A

Prevalence
3%
More common in men

Comorbidity
Bordeline, avoidant, and paranoid personality disorders

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13
Q

What constitutes Cluster B?

A

Dramatic, Erratic. Includes: Narcissistic Antisocial, Borderline, and Histrionic

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14
Q

Characteristics of “Borderline”

A

Attitudes & feelings towards others vary dramatically
Emotions are erratic, can shift
Argumentative, irritable, sarcastic, easily offended

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15
Q

Prevalence & Comorbidity of “Borderline”

A

Prevalence:
1-2%
More common in women

Cormorbidity:
mood disorder, substance abuse, PTSD, eating disorders, Culster A

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16
Q

Etiology of “Borderline”

A

Strong genetic component in twin studies
Negative experiences in childhood
Object-relation theory

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17
Q

What are the main dimensions of BPD

A

(1) Affect Instability:
* Inappropriate anger, drastic mood shifts
* reactive mood
* feelings of emptiness

(2) Dysfunctional relationships:
* Unstable and intense relationships
* Efforts to avoid abandonment

(3) Impulsivity
* Impulsive self-damaging behaviours
* Attempts at self-mutilation or suicide

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18
Q

What are the treatments for BPD?

A

(1) Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT):
Encourage patient to accept negative affect without engaging in self-destructive or maladaptive behaviours

(2) transference-focused Psychotherapy:
Strengthening weak egos w/ particular focus on splitting

(3) Medication:
SSRIs, antipsychotic, mood stabilizers

19
Q

Characteristic of “Histrionic”

A

Overly dramatic & attention-seeking w/ physical appearance

20
Q

Prevalence & Comorbidity of “Histrionic”

A

Prevalence:
2-3%
More common among women

Comorbidity:
depression antisocial, narcissism, DPD

21
Q

Etiology of “Histrionic”

A

(1) Cognitive Theory: Maladaptive schemas revolving around the need for attention to validate self-worth.
(2) Psychoanalytic Theory: seductiveness encouraged by parental upbringing

22
Q

Characteristics of “Antisocial”

A

Conduct disorder before 15 y/o
Patterns of anti-social behaviour in adulthood (irresponsible, inconsistent work, break laws, physically aggressive)

23
Q

Prevalence & Comorbidity of “Antisocial”

A

Prevalence:
1-4%

Comorbidity:
Substance Use

24
Q

Etiology of “Antisocial”

A

Genetic Correlation
Higher MZ compared w/ DZ twins
Environmental influences

25
Q

What is Psychopathy?

A

(1) Poverty of emotions (positive & negative)
(2) Lack of remorse
(3) No sense of shame
(4) Superficial charming
(5) Manipulate others for personal gain

26
Q

What are some biological associations with psychopathy? Are there any treatments?

A

Generally linked w/ reduced amygdala & decreased prefrontal activity

CBT as treatment

27
Q

What is the link between APD (Antisocial Personality Disorder) and psychopathy?

A

All psychopaths have APD but not vice-versa

28
Q

Characteristics of “Narcissistic”

A

Preoccupation w/ being admired (power, success). Lack empathy

29
Q

Prevalence & Comorbidity of “Narcissistic”

A

Prevalence:
less than 1%

Cormorbidity:
BPD

30
Q

Etiology of “Narcissistic”

A

Product of our times ‘ values
Kohut*

31
Q

What does KOHUT (1978) propose concerning Narcissism related personalities?

A

(1) Mirror-hungry personalities: crave self-objects whose confirming and admiring responses will increase their feelings of self-worth

(2) Ideal-hungry personalities: worthwhile as long as they can relate to people they can admire

(3) Alter-ego personalities: worthwhile only if they have a relationship with a self-object who looks like them and has similar opinions and values

(4) Merger-hungry personalities: individuals who experience others as their own self

(5) Contact-shunning personalities: intense longing to merge with self/objects; such individuals are highly sensitive to rejection, to avoid this pain, they avoid social contact

32
Q

What are the components of NPD (Narcissistic Personality Disorder)?

A

Assess Narcissitic grandiosity:
(1) Entitlement Rage
(2) Exploitiveness
(3) Grandiose Fantasy
(4) Self-entitlement

Assess Narcissitic vulnerability:
(1) Contingent self-esteem
(2) Hiding the self
(3) Devaluing

33
Q

What does Cluster C consist of?

A

Anxious/ Fearful. Includes: Dependent, Avoidant, Obsessive Compulsive

34
Q

Characteristics of “Avoidant”

A

Sensitive to possibility of criticism, rejection, disapproval
Feeling of inadequacy
Reluctant to enter relationships

35
Q

Prevalence & Comorbidity of “Avoidant”

A

Prevalence:
2%

Cormibidity:
Dependent personality, depression, generalized social phobia

36
Q

Etiology of “Avoidant”

A

Modest genetic influence
Introversion & Neuroticism are elevated

37
Q

Characteristics of “Dependent”

A

Intense need to be taken care of
Lack self-reliance
Uncomfortable when alone
Subordinate own needs

38
Q

Prevalence & Comorbidity of “Dependent”

A

Prevalence:
less than 1%

Comorbidity:
Bipolar, depression, anxiety disorders, bulimia

39
Q

Etiology of “Dependent”

A

(1) 30-60% attributed to genetics
(2) Neuroticism & Agreeableness have genetic component
(3) Environment: authoritarian & overprotective parents

40
Q

Characteristics of “Obsessive Compulsive”

A

Perfectionistic approach to life
Preoccupied w/ details
Serious, rigid, formal, inflexible

41
Q

Comorbidity of “Obsessive Compulsive”

A

OCD, panic disorder, depression, avoidant personality disorder

42
Q

Etiology of “Obsessive Compulsive”

A

high conscientiousness & assertiveness, low compliance
Psychoanalytic Theory: OCPD due to fixation at anal stage (Freud)

43
Q

How does OCD differ from OCPD?

A

OCD is about recurrent and persistent thoughts while OCPD is about a sense of orderliness, perfection, and a sense of control

Psyc340 (4 decks)

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