chapter 8 Flashcards
Why did Jefferson want to buy New Orleans from France?
Before handing over Louisiana to France, Spain had closed New Orleans to
American shipping, which hurt American farmers
What chain of events led to the Louisiana Purchase?
France needed money because they were at war with Great Britain, so they
decided to sell Louisiana to the U.S. for $15 million
What were some challenges the expedition faced?
Traveling through a mostly uncharted area, no ability to receive new
supplies, transportation difficulties, insects, fear of hostile attack
Who was Sacagawea?
She was a Shoshone woman who, along with her fur trader husband,
helped the Lewis and Clark expedition
What 3 things did the Lewis and Clark expedition achieve?
- Learned about western lands and paths
- made contact with many Native American groups
- collected data about western plants and animals
What dangers did American ships face on the high seas?
Storms; pirates; British and French search and seizure; British impressment
Why did Congress pass the Embargo Act?
To punish Britain and France and to protect American merchant ships from
capture
How was the Embargo Act unsuccessful?
Had little effect on Britain and France; financially hurt American merchants
Who was Tecumseh?
Shawnee chief and influential Native American leader
What did Tecumseh want to accomplish?
Wanted to unite Native Americans against U.S. settlers pushing them off their lands
Why did Great Britain want to help Native Americans along the western frontier?
Hoped to slow the westward growth of the U.S.
What 3 things did the U.S. risk by declaring war against Britain in 1812?
Human and economic losses; being defeated; losing independence
What were the U.S. Navy’s strengths and weaknesses early in the war?
Strengths; powerful new war ships, well-trained sailors weaknesses; smaller and weaker than British navy
What happened when the war reached the East?
The British took D.C., but U.S. forces at Fort McHenry stopped the British invasion of Baltimore, and the British retreated
What was unusual about the Battle of New Orleans?
Took place after the war had ended
Oliver Hazard Perry
U.S. navy commodore who won a victory against British
Battle of Lake Erie
the victory won by Perry and his sailors
Andrew Jackson
the commander of the Tennessee militia who led and attack on the Creek nation in Alabama
Treaty of Fort Jackson
the treaty that forced the Creek nation to give up
millions of acres of their land
Battle of New Orleans
the last major conflict of the War of 1812, which
made Andrew Jackson a hero
Hartford Convention
a meeting of Federalists opposed to the war
Treaty of Ghent
the pact that ended the War of 1812
USS Constitution
a large warship sent to end attacks by Mediterranean pirates on American merchant ships
Impressments
the practice of forcing people to serve in the army or navy
Embargo Act
a U.S. law that essentially banned trade with all foreign countries
Tecumseh
brilliant speaker who warned other Native Americans that settlers wanted their lands
Battle of Tippecanoe
the battle between the U.S. forces and Tecumseh’s
followers that ended with the U.S. forces winning
War Hawks
several members of Congress who called for war against Great Britain
James Madison
a Republican who was elected president in 1808
Louisiana Purchase
the $15 million sale from France which doubled the size of the U.S.
Meriwether Lewis
a former army captain chosen by Jefferson to lead an expedition to explore the west
William Clark
co-leader of the western expedition
Lewis and Clark expedition
a long journey to explore the Louisiana
Purchase
Sacagawea
a Shoshone who helped the expedition by naming plants and gathering edible fruits and vegetables for the group
Zebulon Pike
an explorer of the West who reached the summit of the mountain now known as Pike’s Peak
