chapter 7 Flashcards
George Washington
an honest leader, a hero of the revolution, and the first U.S. president
Precedent
an action or a decision that later serves as an example
Judiciary Act of 1789
an act that created three levels of federal courts and defined their powers and relationships to the state courts
Alexander Hamilton
the first secretary of the U.S. treasury
Loose construction
the view that the federal government can take reasonable actions that the Constitution does not specifically forbid
Strict construction
the view that the federal government should do only what the Constitution specifically says it can do
Neutrality Proclamation
a formal statement that the U.S. would not take sides with any European countries who were at war
Jay’s Treaty
an agreement that settled the disputes between the U.S. and Great Britain in the early 1790s
Pinckney’s Treaty
an agreement that settled border and trade disputes with Spain
Battle of Fallen Timbers
the battle that broke the strength of Native American forces in the Northwest Territory
Treaty of Greenville
an agreement that gave the U.S. right of entry to American Indian lands
Political parties
groups that help elect people and shape politics
Federalist party
a political group that wanted a strong federal government and supported industry and trade
Democratic-Republican Party
a political group that wanted to limit the federal
government’s powers
XYZ affair
a French demand for a $250,000 bribe and a $12 million loan in exchange for a treaty
Alien and Sedition Acts
laws that punished supporters of France and deprived people of the freedom to say and write what they believed
Thomas Jefferson
the first secretary of state
Why did Thomas Jefferson criticize U.S. policy toward France?
He believed the U.S. owed France support since France backed it during the Revolutionary War
What were the names of the two political parties in the election of 1796?
Democratic-Republicans and Federalists
Why did President Washington lead an army against the farmers in the Whiskey Rebellion?
People needed to understand the constitutional right of Congress to institute tax laws
Why were the Alien and Sedition Acts passed?
To eliminate opposition to war
In 1790, how did Americans feel about the future of their new government?
Their expectations were high because they trusted their leaders to protect their economic and security interests
What 2 reasons did some Americans protest Jay’s Treaty?
- They thought it hurt trade 2. Failed to make the British pay for slaves the British freed during the Revolutionary War
Why did Native Americans go to war in the early 1790s?
Because Americans continued to settle the Northwest Territory
Name two reasons why Congress passed a tax on American-made whiskey.
- To raise money to pay off the federal debt 2. To test the power of the
federal government to control states’ actions
Why was the election of 1796 different from the previous election?
Political parties began to form and, as a result, more than one candidate ran for
president
What did Adams hope to accomplish by sending diplomats to France?
Improve French relations
What was the purpose of the Judiciary Act of 1789?
Set up three levels of federal courts and defined their powers and relationships to the state courts
How did Washington respond to conflicts between France and Great Britain?
Issued the Neutrality Proclamation, stating that the U.S. would not take sides in
European conflicts
How did Jefferson and Hamilton’s views on how to promote economic growth differ?
Hamilton-promote manufacturing and business and pass higher tariffs
Jefferson-promote agriculture and keep tariffs low
What economic problems did the U.S. face?
National debt;
