American Revolution Study Guide-Answer Key Flashcards
Treaty
a formal peace agreement between two nations
Thomas Jefferson
author of the D.O.I.
Thomas paine
wrote a 47 page pamphlet called common sense
George Washington
commander and chief of the Continental Army
Treaty of Paris 1783
the peace agreement in which Great Britain recognized the
independence of the U.S.
Enlightenment
a period of time when European philosophers believed that
reason could improve human society
Marquis de Lafayette
Frenchman who was inspired by the ideas of the American
Revolution
Primary source
someone or something was there during an event
Secondary source
something that was written after the event occurred
John Locke
believed that certain rights are undeniable to all citizens
Mercantilism
controlling trade for the economic benefit of the mother country
Common Sense
document written by Thomas Paine which stated citizens should
make the laws
Loyalists
people who remained devoted to Great Britain
Minutemen
members of the civilian volunteer militia
Declaration of Independence
document that formally announced the colonies’
break from Great Britain
Hessians
mercenaries from the German state of Hesse who fought for the British
Mercenaries
foreign soldiers who fought not out of loyalty, but for pay
Francis Marion
Patriot leader who perfected guerilla warfare tactics
Yorktown
the last major battle of the American Revolution
Treason
betrayal of one’s country
Patriots
colonists who chose to fight for independence
Paul Revere
warned the Patriots that the British were marching toward Concord
Thomas Jefferson wrote “all men are created equal”, how does this
contradict Jefferson’s own life?
He owned slaves
Why did fighting shift from the North at the beginning of the war to the
South?
Large loyalists populations in Georgia, the Carolinas, and Virginia; British
planned to free slaves and have them fight
Why did the British march on Lexington and Concord?
To seize militia weapons stored in Concord
What was the purpose of the Second Continental Congress?
It created a Continental Army for defense, while pursuing peace with Great
Britain
Why did Great Britain pass the Sugar Act?
To help pay for the French and Indian War and to support an army in the
colonies
Why were the Patriots defeated in New York?
They were outnumbered and the British were better trained and equipped
Name two battles where the Patriots were defeated.
Canada, New York, Bunker Hill
What battle is often referred to as the turning point of the war?
Saratoga
How are Abigail Adams concerns about representation similar to the
colonists concerns in Chapter 3 (all the Acts)?
The colonists were not represented in Parliament. She wrote that women
are not represented in the Declaration and not bound by it.
What are some examples of causes of the revolution? (at least four)
Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Tea Act, Townshend Act, Intolerable Acts
Explain, in detail, what happened at the Battle of Trenton.
On Christmas night of 1776 the Continental Army decided to attack the
Hessians at Trenton.
Washington decided to cross the Delaware River with
an inexperienced army. The Continental Army had no deaths or wounded soldiers.
The British Parliament felt that men who signed the Declaration of
Independence committed treason. Why?
The British considered the colonies under their control
Which battle convinced the French to assist the Continental Army in their
fight against the British?
Saratoga
What was another name for the Intolerable Acts?
Coercive Acts
Why were Massachusetts and Rhode Island colonized? (review from last
unit)
For religious freedom
Why was the Battle of Bunker Hill a costly victory?
The British lost double the amount of men
What was one of the main arguments in the Declaration of Independence
as far as what all men possess?
Life , liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
Name three ways that women helped the Patriot cause.
Ran farms and businesses, raised money, made clothing, messengers,
nurses, spies
What was Thomas Paine’s argument in the document Common Sense?
That citizens, not monarchs, should make the laws
Explain what happened at the Boston Massacre. How many were killed?
An argument between a British soldier and a colonist led to the shooting
deaths of three men
Name two reasons why the British army moved to Yorktown.
Harassment from the Continental Army and to maintain communications
with the British naval fleet
Name five Patriot leaders, except for Washington, who helped fight for
independence.
Samuel Adams, Paul Revere, Henry Knox, Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson,
Benjamin Franklin, Richard Montgomery, Marquis de Lafayette, Baron von
Steuben, Bernardo de Galvez, John Paul Jones, George Rogers Clark
Which Enlightenment idea convinced Congress to declare independence
from Britain?
Government should be seen as a contract between the people and their
rulers
Name three items that were taxed under the Stamp Act.
Paper items, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
playing cards
Why did colonists oppose the Tea Act?
Colonial merchants feared the British East India Company’s cheap tea
would put them out of business
What was the last major battle of the American Revolution?
Yorktown
What group
of people was responsible for helping the Patriots win the battle?
The French
What
was the name of the British general who surrendered?
cornwallis
Why did the British
surrender?
They were outnumbered and surrounded
How many more years did the American Revolution continue
even after this battle?
Two years
