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bio112 > chapter 8 > Flashcards

chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

a lot of phytoplankton occur in blank

A

chains

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2
Q

three groups of phytoplankton

A

cyanobacteria, bacteria, and virus

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3
Q

blue-green algae; photosynthetic bacteria

A

cyanobacteria

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4
Q

stromatolites today are only found in blank and blank even though they used to be a global phenomenon

A

australia and the bahamas

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5
Q

they produced so much oxygen at one point that it bubbled up and went into the atmosphere, allowing life to form outside of the ocean

A

the great oxygenation

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6
Q

pro = early; examples are viruses and bacteria

A

prokaryotes

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7
Q

eu = true; cells that formed later one; their dna is in a nucleus

A

eukaryotes

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8
Q

what sea is north of turkey and south of ukraine? it has no oxgyen because there is too small of a connection to the global ocean to mix; it is black at about 100m down

A

the black sea

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9
Q

this genus posesses a cell wall but lacks a nucleus; singe celled organisms that have been found in unusual environments where no living thing would be expected to survive

A

the archaea

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10
Q

high densities of trichodesmium as seen from space may look like what

A

an oil spill

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11
Q

a fluorescence photomicrograph of phytoplankton cells from the pacific ocean. red means what

A

that is has chlorophyll

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12
Q

what does the yellow mean in that photomicrograph?

A

that it is cyanobacteria

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13
Q

something that is self contained in terms of nutrition and that is photosynthetic and can make their own food

A

autotrophic

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14
Q

something that has to eat other things and get nutrition from other sources

A

heterotrophic

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15
Q

something that is photosynthetic but can eat other things; most algae are this and can switch between states if the nutrients are depleted in the area or if there is not enough sunlight

A

mixotrophic

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16
Q

the unicellular chlorophyte genus chlamydomonas can have various what

A

body forms

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17
Q

the domain eukarya includes four of the more common and larger phytoplankton taxa:

A

silicoflagellates, coccolithophores, diatoms, and dinoflagellates

18
Q

star shaped skeletons of silica

A

silicoflagellates

19
Q

sand, glass, and quartz are all what

A

silicon dioxide

20
Q

unicellular phytoplankton that has an outer skeleton comprised of calcium carbonate plates or coccoliths

A

coccolithophores

21
Q

what do coccolithophores produce

A

calcium carbonate

22
Q

what do coccolithophores do?

A

they hold off the greenhouse effect by taking carbon dioxide and sinking it into the ocean

23
Q

penna means what

A

shaped like a feather or linear

24
Q

there are various diatom species; circular or what

A

pennatate

25
Q

what form chains to slow down their sinking rate allowing them to photosynthesize more?

A

diatoms

26
Q

how do centric (circular but like an extrusion) reproduce

A

asexually through cell division

27
Q

what can happen through centric diatom cell division

A

various sizing

28
Q

what population can “bloom” explosively because of how often they divide their cells? for example, if they divide once a day for three days there would be 8 cells but if you continued for three weeks you would have 2 million of them

A

phytoplankton

29
Q

what photosynthesizes and eats other animals and translates to dancing or twirling

A

dinoflagellates

30
Q

what blooms kill fish, show up during late august or early september, and create rust tides?

A

cochlodinium

31
Q

the water you add into a boat to get it into the right depth of water

A

ballast water

32
Q

dinoflagellates eat what at the same time that they are photosynthesizing?

A

cytoplasm

33
Q

some dinoflagellates species are capable of this, giving off light

A

bioluminescence

34
Q

what feeds on phytoplankton? if these eat phytoplankton that have toxins in them, they will pass it onto you and these are lethal poisons that kill people

A

blue mussels and clams

35
Q

colored water

A

red tides

36
Q

monitoring of these took off in 2006

A

red tide and shellfish

37
Q

1987, 14 humpback whales washed up dead from toxic alexandrium cells; they had been feeding on herring that were full of what toxins; if they can kill whales they can kill humans; this was new information on how toxins travel through a food chain

A

red tide

38
Q

nutrient depletions cause what blooms to crash in the late spring and early summer

A

dinoflagellates

39
Q

what dominates upwelling zones

A

diatoms

40
Q

what dominates the warm water

A

dinoflagellates

41
Q

what starts off as a cyst in the ground that stays through the winter until temperatures rise in the spring

A

diatoms

bio112 (7 decks)

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