chapter 11

Question 1

fishes were the first what

Answer 1

vertebrates

Question 2

three types of fishes

Answer 2

jawless, cartilaginous, and bony

Question 3

vertebrates are only what % of the total # of species of animals

Answer 3

3.5%

Question 4

more than 1/2 of vertebrates are what

Answer 4

fishes

Question 5

jawless fish reached greatest diversity at what stage

Answer 5

the devonian period

Question 6

exclusively marine, eel like, small, lack vertebrate, gills, scavengers, found in deep seas and continental shelf water

Answer 6

hagfishes

Question 7

reside in coastal marine waters and in freshwater, prefer cool water, lack jaws and paired fins, have a cartilaginous skeleton

Answer 7

lampreys

Question 8

evolved from the same ancestor as the jawless fishes more than 400 mil years ago, they are one of the groups of jawed fishes, and have 3 subgroups, sharks, rays, and chimaeras

Answer 8

cartilaginous fishes

Question 9

cartilaginous skeleton, upper jaw is fused to the skull, smooth with no scales, lack teeth but have grinding plates

Answer 9

chimaeras

Question 10

450 species, streamlined body form designed for swift swimming speeds so they are the master predator of the oceans

Answer 10

sharks

Question 11

flattened, with pectoral fines that are like wings, long thin tails

Answer 11

rays

Question 12

modern fishes, 30,000 species, more than 96 % of fish are this; relatively large, torpedo shaped, 41% found in freshwaters and 59% are found in marine and brackish waters

Answer 12

bony

Question 13

two groups of bony fish

Answer 13

lobe finned and ray finned

Question 14

tetrapods - higher vertebrates - the 4 legged animals that include amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammas evolved from these

Answer 14

lobe finned fishes

Question 15

96% of fishes are these perfect boned fishes that have a strong bone with fin rays

Answer 15

teleost

Question 16

swimming mode where the entire body moves so one or more waves produce along the body and generate forward thrust, considered least efficient

Answer 16

anguilliform

Question 17

swimming mode most efficient; rapid powerful motions of their caudal fins, fast swimming fishes

Answer 17

thunniform

Question 18

fastest fishes have these that are usually crescent shaped with the upper and lower parts being symmetrical

Answer 18

caudal fins

Question 19

group of fish that reside in the same area

Answer 19

shoal

Question 20

shoals of fish of the same species that have a uniform orientation and swimming speed and move as one

Answer 20

school

Question 21

not uniformly spaced but oriented in the same direction and swimming together

Answer 21

pod