Chapter 8 Flashcards
what do three of the orbitals describe
atomic orbitals
what does the one quantum number describe
the electron itself
what is another name for m sub s
spin quantum
what is pauls exclusion principle
states that no two electrons in the same atom can have the same four quantum numbers
how many electrons can an atomic orbital hold
2 , but they must have an opposing spin
n=3, how many possible electrons
18
what is shielding
a decrease in an electrons nuclear attraction due to electron-electron attraction
as more electrons get added to orbitals what do they do
the electrons repel each other
what is Z
an atomic number
what charge do protons have
positive
what is the zeff for the electron if its farther from the nucleus
lower zeff
what is the zeff for the electron if its closer to the nucleus
higher zeff
if theres higher zeff then whats the energy
lower
if theres a lower zeff then what the energy
higher
outer electrons have ____ zeff than inner
lower
outer electrons have ____ energy than inner
higher
2s electrons have ___ Zeff than 2p
higher
2s electrons have _____ energy than 2p
lower
what is the order of sublevel energies if n is the same value
s < p < d < f
what does n represent
the quantum number
what do all subscripts add up to
the number of electrons for the atom
what is a condensed electron configuration
it has the element symbol of the previous noble gas in square brackets
what does the arrow represent in an orbital diagram
an electron and its spin
what does the up arrow represent
+1/2
what does the down arrow represent
-1/2
what’s an exclusion principle
it states that each orbital may contain a maximum of 2 electrons which must have opposite spins
what is hunds rule
orbitals of equal energy (same sublevel) will fill up with unpaired electrons before they start to pair up
what does a partial orbital diagram show
only the highest energy sublevels being filled
why is the empty 4s orbital is lower in energy than the empty 3d sublevel
due to penetration; the 3d orbital is closer to the nucleus so its higher in energy
what are the expectations to electron configuration we need to know
Cr, Mo, Cu, Ag, Au
isoelectric means what
same number of electrons
